The Origins of Ancient Cities in the 5th B.C Century Italy in Italy

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This research program aims at to clarify the historical circumstance of the cities' origins in ancient Italy during the first half of the first milllennium B.C., based on both archaeological and historical resource. The head investigator Sakai selected Campania as the research field and summarized the politicocultural circumstance in this area from the 8th to 5th century B.C.Thereafter, the investigator focused his attention to Pompeii ruins by analyzing the archeological data which were obtained from the stratigraphical excavations ever executed at the site. In particularly, he observed the various phases of city walls construction in relation to the city origin of Pompeii. By this study, he agreed that the oldest wall was constructed under the Etruscan influence during the 6th century B.C.as many other scholars maintained, while the second phase of city walls was constructed not earlier than the end of the 5th century B.C..Then he observed the formation and development of Pompeii in terms of the construction of public buildings, which took shapes in the Hellenistic periods of Pompeii in the second century B.C..Co-investigator Asaka studied the historical background of cities' origins in Central Italy, particularly the origines of Rome as city. He analyzed both philological records and arhaeological data in order to establish the perspective of city construction in the related era.