The Origins of Ancient Cities in the 5th B.C Century Italy in Italy

这项研究计划的目的是根据考古和历史资源，澄清公元前一千年前半个世纪意大利古代城市起源的历史背景。首席调查员酒井选择坎帕尼亚作为研究领域，总结了公元前8世纪至5世纪该地区的政治文化环境。此后，调查者通过分析在该遗址进行的地层发掘所获得的考古数据，将注意力集中在庞贝遗址上。特别是，他观察了与庞贝城市起源相关的城墙建设的不同阶段。通过这项研究，他同意如许多其他学者所说，最古老的城墙是在公元前6世纪伊特鲁里亚人的影响下建造的，而第二阶段城墙的建造不早于公元前5世纪末。然后，他从公共建筑的建造角度观察了庞贝的形成和发展，公共建筑在公元前2世纪的庞贝时期形成。共同研究员浅香研究了意大利中部城市起源的历史背景，特别是罗马作为城市的起源。他通过对文献记载和考古资料的分析，确立了相关时代城市建设的视角。

This research program aims at to clarify the historical circumstance of the cities' origins in ancient Italy during the first half of the first milllennium B.C., based on both archaeological and historical resource. The head investigator Sakai selected Campania as the research field and summarized the politicocultural circumstance in this area from the 8th to 5th century B.C.Thereafter, the investigator focused his attention to Pompeii ruins by analyzing the archeological data which were obtained from the stratigraphical excavations ever executed at the site. In particularly, he observed the various phases of city walls construction in relation to the city origin of Pompeii. By this study, he agreed that the oldest wall was constructed under the Etruscan influence during the 6th century B.C.as many other scholars maintained, while the second phase of city walls was constructed not earlier than the end of the 5th century B.C..Then he observed the formation and development of Pompeii in terms of the construction of public buildings, which took shapes in the Hellenistic periods of Pompeii in the second century B.C..Co-investigator Asaka studied the historical background of cities' origins in Central Italy, particularly the origines of Rome as city. He analyzed both philological records and arhaeological data in order to establish the perspective of city construction in the related era.