General Studies on the City Walls in Ancient Italy

本研究以意大利的古城墙为研究对象，以庞贝城为代表。根据我们小组发掘的资料进行的研究，得出以下几点来反驳人们普遍接受的观点：1.关于用叫做帕帕蒙特的凝灰质石头建造的墙壁，一般认为它们的年代可以定在公元前世纪。然而，由于建筑的弱点，这座城墙很难作为一个防御工事。2.庞贝城墙的下一阶段是建造所谓的石灰岩直立墙。一般认为它最迟应建于公元前世纪早期，然而，我们对出土材料的研究可能将建造时期缩短到公元前世纪晚期。 ...更多信息 墙是石灰岩的，新的是凝灰岩的。一般认为，这两个阶段之间存在显著的时间差。我们提出了这样的假设，即由于石灰岩墙作为防御工事的不完整性，这种尊重是最小的。4.庞贝城墙的最后修改发生在公元前世纪早期，通过在墙上邻接防御塔。我们发掘出来的第九塔在后期进行了重建。因此，庞贝城的城墙建设在罗马时期也不断向前推进，与普遍接受的观点相反。5.在第九塔周围，假设有一个称为Porta卡普阿的城门。然而我们的挖掘最终可能忽略了这个门的存在。对19世纪文献的一系列研究<th>澄清了对这座城门存在的误解的背景。2002年11月在罗马举行的国际会议上报告了这些成果的一部分。少

This study deals with the ancient city walls in Italy, and in particular the Pompeian fortification is mainly discussed as the representative example. From the research on the basis of the data obtained by the excavation carried out our team, the following points have been obtained to controvert the widely accepted view in this respect :1.As for the walls using the tufaceous stone called Pappamonte, they can be dated in the sixth century B.C, as generally accepted. However, because of the weakness in construction, this city walls could be hardly consistent as a fortification.2.The next stage of the city walls in Pompei was the construction of the so-called the ortho-standing walls of limestone. Generally it has been supposed to be constructed at latest to the early fifth century B.C. However, our study on the excavated materials may reduce the construction period to the late fourth century B.C.3.The present city walls in Opus Quadratum was constructed in two phases: the older was of th … More e walls of limestone and the newer was of the tuff. Generally it has been asserted that a significant time difference laid between these two phases. We proposed the hypothesis that the deference was minimum because of the incompleteness of the walls of limestone as a fortification.4.The final modification pf the Pompeian city walls took place to the early first century B.C, by adjoining the defensive towers on the walls. The Ninth Tower that was brought to the light by our excavation was reconstructed in the later period. Hence the construction of city walls in Pompeii went continuously forward also in the Roman Period, in contrary to the generally accepted views.5.Around the Ninth Tower, hypothetically a city gate called Porta Capua has been located. However our excavation could finally neglect the existence of this gate. A series of researches on the 19^<th> century's documentation clarified the context of the misunderstanding on the existence of this city gate.A part of these achievements was reported in the occasion of an international congress held in November 2002 at Rome. Less