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General Studies on the City Walls in Ancient Italy

古意大利城墙常识

基本信息

批准号：
13610465
负责人：
SAKAI Satoshi
金额：
$ 2.11万
依托单位：
Paleological Association of Japan, Inc.
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
2001
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2001 至 2003
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

This study deals with the ancient city walls in Italy, and in particular the Pompeian fortification is mainly discussed as the representative example. From the research on the basis of the data obtained by the excavation carried out our team, the following points have been obtained to controvert the widely accepted view in this respect :1.As for the walls using the tufaceous stone called Pappamonte, they can be dated in the sixth century B.C, as generally accepted. However, because of the weakness in construction, this city walls could be hardly consistent as a fortification.2.The next stage of the city walls in Pompei was the construction of the so-called the ortho-standing walls of limestone. Generally it has been supposed to be constructed at latest to the early fifth century B.C. However, our study on the excavated materials may reduce the construction period to the late fourth century B.C.3.The present city walls in Opus Quadratum was constructed in two phases: the older was of th … More e walls of limestone and the newer was of the tuff. Generally it has been asserted that a significant time difference laid between these two phases. We proposed the hypothesis that the deference was minimum because of the incompleteness of the walls of limestone as a fortification.4.The final modification pf the Pompeian city walls took place to the early first century B.C, by adjoining the defensive towers on the walls. The Ninth Tower that was brought to the light by our excavation was reconstructed in the later period. Hence the construction of city walls in Pompeii went continuously forward also in the Roman Period, in contrary to the generally accepted views.5.Around the Ninth Tower, hypothetically a city gate called Porta Capua has been located. However our excavation could finally neglect the existence of this gate. A series of researches on the 19^<th> century's documentation clarified the context of the misunderstanding on the existence of this city gate.A part of these achievements was reported in the occasion of an international congress held in November 2002 at Rome. Less

本研究以意大利的古城墙为研究对象，以庞贝防御工事为代表，重点进行了探讨。从我们团队对挖掘所获得的数据进行的研究中，得出了以下几点来反驳这方面被广泛接受的观点：1。至于墙壁使用的是一种叫做帕帕蒙特（Pappamonte）的灰质石头，人们普遍认为它们可以追溯到公元前6世纪。然而，由于建筑薄弱，这座城墙很难作为防御工事使用。庞贝城墙的下一阶段是建造所谓的石灰岩直立墙。一般认为它的建造时间最迟在公元前5世纪初，然而，我们对挖掘材料的研究可能会把建造时间缩短到公元前4世纪晚期。现在在Opus Quadratum的城墙是分两个阶段建造的：较旧的是石灰石墙，较新的是凝灰岩墙。一般认为，这两个阶段之间存在着显著的时间差。我们提出了这样一个假设，即由于作为防御工事的石灰石壁不完整，这种差异是最小的。庞贝城墙的最后一次改造发生在公元前一世纪早期，将防御塔与城墙相连。我们发掘出来的九楼在后期进行了重建。因此，在罗马时期，庞贝的城墙建设也在不断地向前推进，这与普遍接受的观点相反。在第九塔的周围，假设有一个叫做卡普亚门的城门。然而，我们的挖掘最终可能忽略了这扇门的存在。一系列对19世纪文献的研究澄清了对这座城门存在的误解的背景。2002年11月在罗马举行的一次国际大会上报告了这些成就的一部分。少