Comprehensive research on conflict resolutions in the field of international environmental civil disputes

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As one of the possible resolutions for international environmental disputes, the state may take responsibility. However the state tends to avoid its responsibility clear and it leads to the unclear legal basis in the international environmental law. Then it discourage the state to make its positive commitment to the matters. Vicious circle.Civil litigation, along with class action and legal positivism, playd an important roll to secure the human rights. The weakest point of this system is that it rarely turns into the concrete right as the title to enforce.Due to the tecnical problems under the current national legal systems, the civil litigation is not the best resolution system. Therefore we need to examine how useful the solution through negotiation would be. Compared with the litigation, the biggest advantage for the parties should be the costs including the cost of litigation and time. However when we look at the big scale environmental disputes, the solution through negotiation is not always the quickest and cheapest way. Rather the advantage could be the point that the negotiation offers more acceptable resolution for the both parties. The inevitable thing is that the both parties are well represented and that the chance to attend the negotiation is secured. For the environmental disputes, professional and specialized knowledge for complicated matters are requested. Since the litigation has an outlook that it clarifies the truth, the parties tend to use the litigation. Because the negotiation is just a adjustment of the conflicting interests, not as the real answer.