Taxonomic study of the shade lichens in Japan

在278属(包括约1000种)的日本地衣中，有荫蔽种的有24属；Agonimia、Arensonia、Arisopyrenia、Arosthelia、Bacidea、Bysoloma、Chaenotheca、Chiodecton、Kinysothrix、Coenogonium、Colema、Crocynia、Dimeralla、Diploschistes、Entergraph、Flakea、Gaisleria、Japan ewia、Lepraria、Micarea、Mycocalicium、Pachyphiale、Strangospora、Synalissa。它们在弱光照条件下和各种生境的高湿度条件下生长受限。在分类上，它们隶属于17科8目，被认为是来自不同起源的祖先。日本的荫生地衣大多是壳状的，菌体模糊，长期以来被忽视。在本次研究中，我收集了约1000种遮荫地衣，并对其进行了广泛的分类研究。结果表明，在日本新发现的种类有：异色异体线虫(Anisomideum Nyssaegenum)、白背金丝菌(Arensonia Spadicea)、文氏金线虫(A.vinosa)、烛状金丝虫(Chrysothrix)、金针藻(Cliostomum Friffithii)、带状肠杆菌(Entergraph A Zonata)、乳突叶藻(Flakea Papillata)、扇叶属(Lopadium)、孔雀属(Maronea Constans)、水生油菜属(Opegraph A Gyrupa)、变种属(O.vara)、卡氏厚壳属(Pachyphiale Carneola)、金色假单胞菌(P.fagicola)、乳乳孔菌属(Porina Mammillosa)、绿球藻(Scoliciosporum氯球菌属)、金黄色葡萄球菌(S.umbrum)、链孢霉属(Strangospora Moriformis)。值得注意的是，含有化学物质的遮荫地衣只有很少的化学菌株。

Among the total 278 genera (comprising ca 1000 species) of Japanese lichens, following 24 genera are designated to have shade species ; Agonimia, Arthonia, Arthopyrenia, Arthothelium, Bacidia, Bysoloma, Chaenotheca, Chiodecton, Chrysothrix, Coenogonium, Collema, Crocynia, Dimeralla, Diploschistes, Enterographa, Flakea, Gaisleria, Japewia, Lepraria, Micarea, Mycocalicium, Pachyphiale, Strangospora, Synalissa. They restrictedly grow in week light condition and in high humidity in various habitats. Taxonomically, they belong to 17 families and 8 orders and thought to be derived from ancestors belonging to different origin.Most of the Japanese shade lichens are crustose with indistinct thalli and have long been overlooked. During the present study, I have collected ca 1000 species of shade lichens for which extensive taxonomic study were made. As a results, following species are newly found in Japan ; Anisomeridium nyssaegenum, Arthonia spadicea, A.vinosa, Chrysothrix candelaris, Cliostomum friffithii, Enterographa zonata, Flakea papillata, Lopadium disciforme, Maronea constans, Opegrapha gyocarpa, O.varia, Pachyphiale carneola, P.fagicola, Porina Mammillosa, Scoliciosporum chlorococcum, S.umbrinum, Strangospora moriformis.Most of the species of shade lichens have only few lichen substances or completely lack them. It is noteworthy that shade lichens with chemical substances have only few chemical strains.