A Socioeconomic Issues on the Daily Life of the Aged Persons in Rural Japan

尽管日本西部的老年人口比例一直很高，而东部的老年人口比例却很低，但这种差异正在逐渐消失。然而，我国人口老龄化呈现出特大城市和小城镇老龄化并存的分布格局。特别是，日本农村的老龄化进程非常迅速。此外，老龄化的高峰期在人口减少的地区来得更早。在这种情况下，日本农村老年人的日常生活问题必须从自力更生的观点出发才能弄清楚。在经济、社会和身体生活方面。本项目是基于对鸟取县东北小镇的问卷调查。目的不是搞清楚“老年人的成长”问题，而是“搞清楚年龄本身的问题”。(1)老年人的日常生活问题因家庭类型而异。例如，经济生活中的自力更生对单身家庭和夫妻家庭来说非常重要。由于官方养老金短缺，他们必须继续工作。(2)40岁以下人群与50岁以上人群对老龄化问题的意识存在明显差异。(3)乡村居民不喜欢住在“养老院”，即使是以健康的老人为对像，也是为了避免名誉受损。(4)“老人院”的居民需要工作机会。在东北小镇，一家农业合作社用农地和大棚搭建起了一座“托儿所”。这是农业合作社关爱养老带来的浓厚功绩。

Although the proportion of the aged persons has been high in the western part of Japan, and, on the contrary, low in the eastern part, such a difference are gradually losing. However, the distribution pattern of the aged is coming into existence that the aging advances in both megalopolises and small-scale municipalities. Especially, the aging is proceeding very rapidly in the rural Japan. Moreover, the peak of the aging comes earlier in the depopulated areas. Such an areas are facing the catastrophe.The issues of the daily life of the aged in rural Japan under such conditions cannot be made clear without approaching from the viewpoints of self-reliance. in economic, social, and bodily life. This project is based on the research including questionnaires in Tohaku Town, Tottori Prefecture. The aim is to make clear not the issues "by the growth of the aged" but "of the age themselves".The following points are major contents. (1)The issues the daily life of the aged are varied by the type of the family. For example, the self-reliance in economic life is much important for households of the single and the couples. They must continue to work because of the shortage of an official pension. (2)The consciousness concerning the issues of aging has a clear difference between the persons below than forties and more than fifties. (3)Village people do not prefer to living in a "care house", even its targets are healthy old persons, because they want to avoid injurious reputations. (4)The residents of a "care house" are requiring opportunities for working. In Tohaku Town, an agricultural cooperative set up a "care house" with farm lands and greenhouses. This is the strong merit caused from cares of the aged by agricultural cooperatives.