Comparative Study on Commercialized Food Production in Africa

在津巴布韦，我们侧重于非洲人经营的小型商业农场组成的小型农业以及公共土地和重新安置区的农业。SSC正在成长为一个社会阶层。这意味着非洲人开始参与资本主义农业。在三种类型的小农经济中，勤劳家庭农场型具有引发社会变迁的能力。这种类型的农民追求的目标与公有土地上的农民有很大的不同。他们中的大多数人仍然保持着传统的农民价值观。然而，商品经济的扩张迫使他们引进小商品生产。虽然“编钟”这一小春在这一点上发挥了重要作用，但对它的研究较少。移民安置区从事小规模灌溉农业的农民处于小农和公地农民之间。它们可以被评价为实现了自治方向的发展。因此，在SC，公共土地和安置区勤劳的农民是社会重建的源泉。在坦桑尼亚，我们分析了特征，和“变化”的Matengo社会在Ruvuma地区。这个社会的结构是由密集农业维持的高人口密度村庄与母亲村庄衍生的低人口密度村庄相结合。这种结合使我们有可能从农民的角度来看待商品经济。我们可以把这一点看作是“马滕戈”社会的特征。“Matengo”社会的农民选择咖啡生产作为采用商品经济的战略。由于咖啡是世界性的商品，市场体系的复杂结构和价格的波动使农民感到不安，特别是在咖啡销售自由化之后。

In Zimbabwe, we focused on small-scale agriculture consisting of small-scale commercial farms by Africans (SSC) and agriculture in communal lands and in resettlement areas. SSC is growing as a social class. This implies that Africans started to participate in capitalist agriculture. Among of three types of SSC, hardworking family farm type has capability to cause social change. This type seeks for quite different target from those of farmers in communal lands. Most of them still keep the traditional value system of peasantry. However, expansion of cash economy forces them to introduce small commodities production. Although "Chime", a small spring, agriculture on the outskirts of cities has been taking an important role in this point, less study has done about it. Farmers who are engaged in small-scale irrigated agriculture in resettlement areas are positioned between farmers of SSC and of communal lands. They can be evaluated as achieving seligovernment orientation development. Thus, hardworking farmers in SC, communal lands, and resettlement areas are the source of reconstruction of the society.In Tanzania, we analyzed the features, and the "change" of Matengo society in the Ruvuma Region. This society has the structure which works as combination of the high population density villages sustained by intensive agriculture with the low population density villages derived from mother villages. This combination makes it possible to see commodity economy in the way of peasantry. We can regard this point as the features of the "Matengo" society. Farmers in the "Matengo" society choose coffee production as the strategy for adoption of the commodity economy. As coffee is the world-wide commodity, farmers are trifled with by the complicated structure of marketing system and the fluctuations of price, especially after liberalization of coffee marketing.