Comparative Study on Commercialized Food Production in Africa

在津巴布韦，我们的重点是小规模农业，包括非洲人的小规模商业农场以及公共土地和重新安置地区的农业。SSC正在成长为一个社会阶层。这意味着非洲人开始参与资本主义农业。在三种类型的SSC中，勤劳家庭农场类型具有引起社会变革的能力。这种类型的目标与公共土地上的农民的目标完全不同。他们大多还保留着传统的农民价值体系。然而，现金经济的扩张迫使他们引进小商品生产。虽然“钟声”这个小春天，城郊农业在这一点上一直扮演着重要的角色，但对它的研究却很少。在安置区内从事小规模灌溉农业的农民处于南南土地农民和公共土地农民之间。它们可以被评价为实现了自治导向的发展。因此，南苏丹、公共土地和安置地区的勤劳农民是社会重建的源泉。在坦桑尼亚，我们分析了Ruvuma地区Matengo社会的特征及其“变迁”。该社会具有集约化农业维持的高人口密度村与母村衍生的低人口密度村相结合的结构。这种结合使得以农民的方式看待商品经济成为可能。我们可以把这一点看作是“Matengo”社会的特征。“Matengo”社会的农民选择咖啡生产作为采用商品经济的策略。由于咖啡是一种世界性的商品，复杂的市场体系结构和价格波动使农民们感到困扰，尤其是在咖啡市场自由化之后。

In Zimbabwe, we focused on small-scale agriculture consisting of small-scale commercial farms by Africans (SSC) and agriculture in communal lands and in resettlement areas. SSC is growing as a social class. This implies that Africans started to participate in capitalist agriculture. Among of three types of SSC, hardworking family farm type has capability to cause social change. This type seeks for quite different target from those of farmers in communal lands. Most of them still keep the traditional value system of peasantry. However, expansion of cash economy forces them to introduce small commodities production. Although "Chime", a small spring, agriculture on the outskirts of cities has been taking an important role in this point, less study has done about it. Farmers who are engaged in small-scale irrigated agriculture in resettlement areas are positioned between farmers of SSC and of communal lands. They can be evaluated as achieving seligovernment orientation development. Thus, hardworking farmers in SC, communal lands, and resettlement areas are the source of reconstruction of the society.In Tanzania, we analyzed the features, and the "change" of Matengo society in the Ruvuma Region. This society has the structure which works as combination of the high population density villages sustained by intensive agriculture with the low population density villages derived from mother villages. This combination makes it possible to see commodity economy in the way of peasantry. We can regard this point as the features of the "Matengo" society. Farmers in the "Matengo" society choose coffee production as the strategy for adoption of the commodity economy. As coffee is the world-wide commodity, farmers are trifled with by the complicated structure of marketing system and the fluctuations of price, especially after liberalization of coffee marketing.