A Comparative Study on the Alternative Trade of Agricultural and Fishery Products: In Connection with Regional Socioeconomic Development in Southeast Asia

本研究旨在考察“替代性贸易”的现状，为在WTO和FTA所倡导的传统自由贸易之外，寻求一种替代性的国际贸易方式提供理论框架。为了实现这一目标，我们与台湾一起在泰国、菲律宾和越南等东南亚国家进行了香蕉和虾生产的实地研究。在泰国和菲律宾，有人试图在生产者合作社和消费者合作社之间的联系基础上，通过无除草剂香蕉贸易，在当地生产者和日本消费者之间建立公平的关系。与此同时，这些国家的虾生产和销售主要由个体企业家进行，作为一项有利可图的业务。虽然一些国家进行了生态友好型对虾生产的试验，但很难发现作为生产、销售和消费一体化系统的对虾替代贸易的出现。另一方面，在欧洲国家，特别是在英国，咖啡和茶叶等农产品的替代贸易有了显著的发展，在他们所谓的“公平贸易”名义下交易的商品占总市场份额的两到三分之一。这表明，我们现在已经到了考虑替代贸易的“商业”方面的地步。

This research was intended to examine the current situation of the "alternative trade," and then to provide a theoretical framework for an alternative way of international trade other than the conventional free trade advocated by WTO and FTA. To achieve this end, we carried out field research on banana and shrimp production in Southeast Asian countries such as Thailand, Philippine, and Vietnam, together with Taiwan. In Thailand and Philippines, there are some attempts to create fair relationship between local producers and Japanese consumers through the trade of herbicide-free bananas on the basis of affiliation between producer-cooperatives and consumer-cooperatives. Meanwhile, shrimp production and marketing in these countries were largely carried out by individual entrepreneurs as a profitable business. Although there are trials of eco-friendiy shrimp production in some countries, it is difficult to find the emergence of alternative trade of shrimp as an integrated system of production, marketing, and consumption. On the other hand, in European countries, especially in UK, there is a remarkable development of alternative trade of agricultural produces such as coffee and tea, and the commodities dealt under the name of "fair trade," as they call it, account for as two to three percents of total share of marketing. This feet suggests that we have now reached to the point to consider the "commercial" aspects of the altemative trade.