A Socio-economic Study on the Dynamism of the Japanese Rural Communities in the 20th Century

本研究旨在从“20世纪体系”的角度，总结20世纪日本农业和农村社区的变化，并探讨在这一体系中流动的农村社区的活力，从而展现21世纪新的指导原则。“20世纪体系”是指以分离和整合为基础的工业主义和市场主义、以福特主义生产和消费模式为基础的生产专制主义、以功能社会为导向的动员主义三个方面综合为一个动态系统的社会。问题的关键在于如何理解“20世纪制度”的驱动力和接受它的逻辑。目前，我们认为日本农业和农村社区的现代危机局面是由于“20世纪制度”的成功。然而，我们不能忽视日本福特式农业虽然在二战前就已经准备好了，但由于种种因素，仍然没有完成。突破这一限制的一种方法可能是在农业领域建立定制化。我们还可以发现，“富庶场”积极发展的可能性在于接受“20世纪体系”的接受者。这一逻辑体现在作为核心改革者的女性农业领导人身上。他们的自立取决于能否实现人与自然、人与人的共存。这导致了农村、城市和山区社会之间的空间共存。

This research aims at showing the new guiding principles towards the 21^<st> century, with summing up change in the Japanese agriculture and rural communities in the 20^<th> century from the viewpoint of "the 20^<th> century system" and investigating into dynamism of rural communities which flows through this system. "The 20^<th> century system" means the society where three aspects, those are 1) industrialism and market formulated by separation and integration, 2) production absolutism on the basis of the Fordism production and consumption pattern, and 3) mobilization towards functional society, are synthesized as one dynamic system. The key point lies on how to understand the driving force of "the 20^<th> century system" and logics of acceptance of it. At the moment, we conclude that the modern critical situation in the Japanese agriculture and rural communities are due to success of "the 20^<th> century system".However, we cannot turn a blind eye to the aspect that Fordism agriculture in Japan remains uncompleted by various factors, although it was prepared before the WWII.One way beyond this restriction is likely to establish customization in agriculture. Also we can find a possibility of active development of "the affluent field", which lies in the recipients who accept "the 20^<th> century system". This logic is seen in woman leaders of agriculture acting as central reformers. Their self-reliance depends on whether co - existence between human and nature, and between human and human is realized or not. This leads to spatial co-existence among rural, urban, and mountainous societies.