A Socio-economic Study on the Dynamism of the Japanese Rural Communities in the 20th Century

本研究旨在展示面向21世纪的新的指导思想，从“20世纪体系”的角度总结20世纪日本农业和农村社区的变化，并探讨贯穿这一体系的农村社区的活力。“20世纪体制”指的是这样的社会：1)通过分离和整合形成的工业和市场，2)以福特主义生产和消费模式为基础的生产绝对主义，3)向功能社会动员，作为一个动态系统。关键在于如何理解“20世纪体制”的驱动力及其接受逻辑。目前，我们的结论是，日本农业和农村社会的现代危急局面是由于“20世纪体制”的成功所致，但我们不能忽视福尔德主义农业在二战前就已经准备好了，但由于各种因素，日本的福特主义农业仍然不完整。我们还可以发现，“富裕领域”的积极发展的可能性在于接受“20世纪制度”的接受者。这一逻辑体现在农业女领导人扮演核心改革者的角色上。他们的自立取决于能否实现人与自然、人与人的共存。这导致了农村、城市和山区社会之间的空间共存。

This research aims at showing the new guiding principles towards the 21^<st> century, with summing up change in the Japanese agriculture and rural communities in the 20^<th> century from the viewpoint of "the 20^<th> century system" and investigating into dynamism of rural communities which flows through this system. "The 20^<th> century system" means the society where three aspects, those are 1) industrialism and market formulated by separation and integration, 2) production absolutism on the basis of the Fordism production and consumption pattern, and 3) mobilization towards functional society, are synthesized as one dynamic system. The key point lies on how to understand the driving force of "the 20^<th> century system" and logics of acceptance of it. At the moment, we conclude that the modern critical situation in the Japanese agriculture and rural communities are due to success of "the 20^<th> century system".However, we cannot turn a blind eye to the aspect that Fordism agriculture in Japan remains uncompleted by various factors, although it was prepared before the WWII.One way beyond this restriction is likely to establish customization in agriculture. Also we can find a possibility of active development of "the affluent field", which lies in the recipients who accept "the 20^<th> century system". This logic is seen in woman leaders of agriculture acting as central reformers. Their self-reliance depends on whether co - existence between human and nature, and between human and human is realized or not. This leads to spatial co-existence among rural, urban, and mountainous societies.