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Development of Physics and the Policy in the 1930's Germany.

1930 年代德国物理学和政策的发展。

基本信息

批准号：
07680081
负责人：
KONNO Hiroshi
金额：
$ 0.77万
依托单位：
YOKOHAMA NATIONAL UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
1995
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1995 至 1996
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

The development of physics in 1930's Germany had been very active for succession of the establishment of Quantum Mechanics, X-ray Crystalography, Radio-Activities, and soon. But, after 1933, the Nazis rising to political power, the scientific research in Germany became to be given the request of the National Policy as well as research on physics."Kaiser Wilhelm-Gesellschaft zur Forderung der Wissenschaften (KWW) ", including 36 reseach labolatories and the most famous institution at that time in Germany, was also became to be directed in National Socialism. There was a German physicist who tried to introduce the nasionalism into physics, and Stark, Johannes was his name. Between 1906 and 1922 he tought successively at the universities of Gottingen, Hannover, Aachen, Griefswald, and Wurzburg. At this point his academic career came to an end. Despite the award of the Nobel Prize for physics in 1919 his attempt to return to academic life was not successful and he had been rejected by six German universities by 1928. Thus Stark began to drift into Nazi circles and in 1930 joined the party. Stark made a real bid for the control of German science. In 1933, although he was rejected by the prussian Academy of Science, he succeeded in obtaining the presidency of the Imperial Institute of Physics and Technology. His attempt was to gain control of German Physics.Contrasted to this, almost of the German physisists was to make efforts on true way of physics.

30年代德国物理学的发展十分活跃，相继建立了量子力学、X射线晶体学、放射性活度学等。但1933年纳粹上台后，德国的科学研究与物理学研究一样，也被赋予了国家政策的要求。包括36个研究所和当时德国最著名机构的“威廉皇帝科学研究所”也成为国家社会主义的指导机构。有一个德国物理学家试图把民族主义引入物理学，斯塔克，约翰尼斯是他的名字。1906年至1922年期间，他任教于大学先后哥廷根，汉诺威，亚琛，Griefswald，和维尔茨堡。至此，他的学术生涯结束了。尽管授予诺贝尔物理学奖于1919年，他试图返回学术生活是不成功的，他已被拒绝的6所德国大学的1928年。因此，斯塔克开始进入纳粹党的圈子，并于1930年加入该党。斯塔克为控制德国科学做出了真实的努力。1933年，尽管被普鲁士科学院拒绝，他还是成功地获得了帝国物理技术研究所的院长职位。他的企图是控制德国物理学，与此同时，德国物理学家几乎都在为物理学的真正道路而努力。