Integration of Information in Cooperative Human-Machine Systems Learning in Gray Zone

结果分为以下五类：1。从Bays概率模型到Dempster-Shafer模型：本文提出了一种采用客观数据的Dempster-Shafer理论模型，并提出了将主观信念信息与客观信息相结合的最优组合方法。与Bays模型相比，DS模型的表述更简单，有利于学习人类在灰色地带添加的主观信息的效果。人在人机协作监控系统中的作用：在DS模型中，将人机协作监控系统与自动监控系统进行了比较。因此，分析提出了一些条件，在这些条件下，将人的判断纳入自动监测比完全的自动判断更有效。3 .时间临界性对人的可靠性的影响分析：通过关注时间临界性如何影响人在灰色地带的判断，分析了人的错误如何依赖于监控类型的决策，即人机协作型或完全自动型。积极利用灰色地带：减少灰色地带并不总是意味着减少不确定性。我们的结果表明，相反，正确的判断是可能的，通过积极利用灰色地带。该模型可应用于产品安全设计和维修管理中的状态监测。此外，我们的研究提出了一种考虑灰色地带的安全设计，作为21世纪设计的新范式。在移动传感器系统中的应用及其可靠性分析：对由移动传感器组成的监控系统进行分析，其中每个传感器除“安全”和“危险”外，还输出“灰色地带”。在系统中，当移动传感器输出灰色地带时，采集多个传感器，整合信息后判断状态。应用表明，利用灰色地带是获得可靠性的有效途径。少

Results are classified into five categories as below.1. From Bays probabilistic model to Dempster-Shafer model : Our research proposed a Dempster-Shafer theoretical model in which objective data were used and the optimal combination method were proposed to incorporate subjective belief information with objective information. The formulation in DS model is simpler than it in the Bays model so that the DS model is useful to learn effect of subjective information which human adds at a gray zone.2. Role of human in cooperative human-machine monitoring system : In the DS model, a human-machine cooperative monitoring system was compared with an automatic monitoring system. As a result, some conditions were analytically proposed under which incorporating human judgments into automatic monitoring was more effective than complete automatic judgments.3. Influence analysis of time-criticality on human reliability : By focusing on how time-criticality influences human judgments at the gray zone, I … More analyzed how human errors depend upon decision of the monitoring type, that is, human-machine cooperative type or complete automatic type.4. Positively utilizing a gray zone : Reducing a gray zone does not always mean reducing uncertainty. Our results show that, rather, correct judgment is possible by utilizing positively the gray zone. From the point of view, our model was applied to product safety design and to condition based-monitoring in maintenance management. Also, our study proposed a safety design in consideration of a gray zone as a new paradigm of design toward the 21st century.5. Application to mobile sensors system and its reliability analysis : Monitoring systems consisted of mobile sensors were analyzed where each sensor outputted "gray zone" in addition to "safety" and "danger" In the system, when the mobile sensor outputs gray zone, it collects several sensors and judges the state after integration of information. This application showed that utilizing the gray zone is useful to obtain reliability. Less