Disaster information leading to appropriate judgments of inhabitants and social mechanism to support a selection of behavior

个人必须独自躲避事故的危险。选择合适的行为需要两个条件：一个是每个居民都能获得选择所需的信息，另一个是他有可供选择的知识或存在支持行为决策的系统。1.对于自然灾害：我们提出了两个灾害信息系统来支持居民的选择。一个是由许多处理灾害信息的专家组成的信息系统。专家们收集当地有关周围暴雨和洪水破坏的信息，并将其发送给市办公室的行政部门，然后获取用于避难的可变信息，并将其分发给邻里。二是呈现周边避难情况的系统，使居民认识到避难的必要性。通过模拟实验对这两个系统的效果进行了评估。2.对于人工制品事故：在原子能工厂事故中，向公众开放事故…居民的快速避难离不开更多的信息。虽然非现场事故中心和事故应急手册已经开始建设，但事故信息的澄清存在疑问。我们指出，第三方的作用是不够的。最近，一种生活产品的召回次数增加，因此快速收集成为一个重要的问题。所有致命的产品事故将从2007年5月起报告和公布。我们指出，需要用户的积极参与，并提出了一种包括用户角色的社会机制。对于医疗事故：选择医院是一种紧急行为。由于第三方机构没有提供足够的信息来支持这一选择，我们通过医院之间的比较评估，提出了一种新的排名方法。我们对冲突管理进行了评论，以避免错误理解带来的麻烦。较少

An individual has to evade danger at accidents by himself. Two conditions are required to choose an appropriate behavior ; one is that every inhabitant can get information necessary to choose, the other is that he has knowledge for choice or that there exist systems to support a decision of behavior.1.For natural disasters : we proposed two disaster information systems to support choice by inhabitants. One is an information system that consists of many specialists treating with disaster information. The specialists collect local information about surrounding storm and flood damage and send it to administration in a city office, and get variable information for refuge and distribute them to vicinage. The other is a system that presents the surrounding refuge situation to make inhabitants realize necessity of their refuge. We evaluated the effects of these two systems by simulation experiments.2.For artifact accidents : at atomic energy plant accidents, opening to the public of accident … More information is indispensable for inhabitants' quick refuge. Though off-site centers and emergency manuals for accidents have begun to be constructed, there is doubt on information elucidation at accidents. We pointed out that the role of the third party is insufficient. Recently, the number of recall of a life product has increased, so that quick collecting becomes an important problem. All fatal product accidents will be reported and published from May in 2007. We indicated that positive participation of users was needed, and proposed a social mechanism including a role of users. We also proposed a new collection method using information technology.3.For medical accidents : choice of hospital is an emergency behavior. As the third party institute didn't offer sufficient information to support the choice, we proposed a new rank way on the basis of comparative assessment by comparing between the hospitals. We remarked the conflict management to avoid trouble from incorrect understanding. Less