Disaster information leading to appropriate judgments of inhabitants and social mechanism to support a selection of behavior

发生事故时，个人必须自己躲避危险。选择合适的行为需要两个条件；一是每个居民都能获得进行选择所必需的信息，二是他拥有进行选择的知识，或者存在支持行为决策的系统。对于自然灾害：我们提出了两个灾害信息系统，以支持居民的选择。一个是由许多处理灾害信息的专家组成的信息系统。专家们收集当地有关周围风暴和洪水破坏的信息，并将其发送给城市办公室的管理部门，并获得避难所的可变信息，并将其分发给邻近地区。二是呈现周边避难情况的系统，使居民意识到避难的必要性。通过仿真实验对这两种系统的效果进行了评价。对于人工事故：在原子能工厂事故中，向公众公开事故……更多的信息对于居民的快速避难是必不可少的。虽然已经开始建立非现场中心和事故应急手册，但事故信息的阐明仍存在疑问。我们指出第三方的作用是不够的。近年来，生命产品的召回数量不断增加，因此快速回收成为一个重要问题。所有致命的产品事故将于2007年5月起报告和公布。我们指出需要用户的积极参与，并提出了一个包含用户角色的社会机制。我们还提出了一种利用信息技术的新采集方法。对于医疗事故：选择医院是一种应急行为。由于第三方机构没有提供足够的信息来支持选择，我们在医院间比较的基础上提出了一种新的排名方式。我们注意了冲突管理，避免了错误理解带来的麻烦。少

An individual has to evade danger at accidents by himself. Two conditions are required to choose an appropriate behavior ; one is that every inhabitant can get information necessary to choose, the other is that he has knowledge for choice or that there exist systems to support a decision of behavior.1.For natural disasters : we proposed two disaster information systems to support choice by inhabitants. One is an information system that consists of many specialists treating with disaster information. The specialists collect local information about surrounding storm and flood damage and send it to administration in a city office, and get variable information for refuge and distribute them to vicinage. The other is a system that presents the surrounding refuge situation to make inhabitants realize necessity of their refuge. We evaluated the effects of these two systems by simulation experiments.2.For artifact accidents : at atomic energy plant accidents, opening to the public of accident … More information is indispensable for inhabitants' quick refuge. Though off-site centers and emergency manuals for accidents have begun to be constructed, there is doubt on information elucidation at accidents. We pointed out that the role of the third party is insufficient. Recently, the number of recall of a life product has increased, so that quick collecting becomes an important problem. All fatal product accidents will be reported and published from May in 2007. We indicated that positive participation of users was needed, and proposed a social mechanism including a role of users. We also proposed a new collection method using information technology.3.For medical accidents : choice of hospital is an emergency behavior. As the third party institute didn't offer sufficient information to support the choice, we proposed a new rank way on the basis of comparative assessment by comparing between the hospitals. We remarked the conflict management to avoid trouble from incorrect understanding. Less