A cognitive neuropsychological model for memory rehabilitation of amnesic patients

遗忘症患者记忆康复的认知神经心理学模型

• 批准号: 09610075
• 负责人: KOMATSU Shin-ichi
• 金额: $ 1.6万
• 依托单位: Shinshu University
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 1997
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1997 至 1999
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-09610075/
• 关键词: memory rehabilitation; implicit memory; implicit learning; errorless learning; method of vanishing cues; effortful learning; 手がかり消失法; 記憶・リハビリテーション

The aim of this research was to delineate the contributions of error and effort factors to amnesic patients' memory performance. Error is defined as whether a study condition prevents from (errorless) or elicits (errorful) incorrect responses during training; effort is defined as whether patients are required to generate a target word in the absence of its intact presentation (efforfful) or they are required to read a target that is intactly presented (effortless). Amnesic patients were shown a face photograph and were asked to learn the corresponding surname under four different study conditions. In the initial letter condition, the patients were presented with the initial letter of a target surname and were required to generate it. In the vanishing cues condition, the letter of a target surname was gradually withdrawn across training trials. In the target selection condition, the patients were asked to select the correct surname from a set of alternatives. In the paired associate condition, a target surname was presented in its intact form together with the corresponding face. The results showed that recall performance gradually improved over four training sessions and was affected by the error factor. The paired associate and the vanishing cues methods led superior recall in comparison with the target selection and the initial letter methods, demonstrating an advantage of errorless over errorful learning. In contrast, the effort factor was found to have little effect. The effectiveness of the vanishing cues method was further examined over additional five training sessions. As indexed by a delayed test, the gradual acquisition of face-name associations was confirmed, but some patients consisitently made no correct recall throughout the sessions. The roles of error and effort in the memory rehabilitation of amnesic patients were discussed.

这项研究的目的是描述错误和努力因素对健忘症患者记忆表现的贡献。错误被定义为研究条件是否防止(无错误的)或引起(有错误的)训练中的不正确反应；努力被定义为患者是否被要求在没有完整呈现的情况下生成目标单词(努力)或他们被要求阅读完整呈现的目标(毫不费力)。研究人员向健忘症患者展示了一张面部照片，并要求他们在四种不同的研究条件下学习相应的姓氏。在最初的字母条件下，患者被呈现目标姓氏的首字母，并被要求生成它。在消失线索的情况下，目标姓氏的字母在训练试验中逐渐被撤回。在目标选择条件下，患者被要求从一组备选方案中选择正确的姓氏。在配对联想条件下，目标姓氏以其完整的形式与相应的面孔一起呈现。结果表明，在四个训练阶段中，回忆成绩逐渐提高，并受到错误因素的影响。与目标选择和首字母法相比，配对联想和消失线索法具有更好的回忆效果，表现出无错误学习优于有错误学习的优势。相比之下，努力因素被发现影响很小。在另外的五个培训课程中，进一步检验了消失线索方法的有效性。根据延迟测试的指标，面孔名称联系的逐渐获得得到了证实，但一些患者在整个治疗过程中都没有做出正确的回忆。讨论了错误和努力在健忘症患者记忆康复中的作用。

项目成果

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三村將、小松伸一 他: "コルサコフ症候群における人名学習過程の潜在記憶―名字完成課題を用いた検討―"神経心理学. 15(1). 27-34 (1999)

Masaru Mimura、Shinichi Komatsu 等人：“柯萨科夫综合征学习姓名过程中的内隐记忆 - 使用姓氏完成任务进行检查”《神经心理学》15(1) (1999)。

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Mimura,M., Komatsu,S. et al.: "Memory for subject performed tasks in patients with Korsakoff syndrome"Cortex. 34(2). 297-303 (1998)

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Komatsu, S.: "memory rehabilitation capitalizing on preserved implicit memory in amnesic patietns"Japanese Psychological Review. Vol. 42, No. 2. 202-218 (1999)

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