Toward a model of dissociating implicit and explicit memory components.

建立一个分离内隐记忆和外显记忆成分的模型。

• 批准号: 07610071
• 负责人: KOMATSU Shin-ichi
• 金额: $ 1.02万
• 依托单位: Shinshu University
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 1995
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1995 至 1996
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-07610071/
• 关键词: implicit memory; explicit memory; recognition memory; priming effect; conscious awareness; 主観的評価手読き; 過程分離手続き

The aim of this research was to dissociate implicit and explicit components in a memory task and to explicate the nature of these two components. Three different methods were used : remember/know judgment, pathological dissociation, and developmental dissociation. In the first experiment, college students either read target nouns or generated them in response to their definitions. A recognition test was then administered : The subjects were required to make remember/know judgment and confidence rating on the items they had called old. The results showed that remember/know responses significantly correlated with confidence ratings. In the second experiment, alcoholic Korsakoff patients and control subjects studied a list of Japanese nouns written in different scripts. When the writing script was changed between study and test phases, priming in word-fragment completion was attenuated but was still reliable as compared with baseline performance. This was confirmed in both Korsakoff patients and control subjects. In contrast, the script change had little effect on recognition memory, which was severely impaired in Korsakoff patients. In the third experiment, elementary school children and college students were given implicit and explicit memory tests following either a read or a generate task. As a result, children's priming under the generate condition was lower than that under the read condition, whereas there was no difference in adults' priming between these two conditions. In the fourth experiment, mentally retarded persons exhibited a profile similar to that of children. Taken together, these findings suggest that there are two different components in implicit memory, one that shows no developmental or pathological difference and heavily relies on perceptual processes and another that shows an age-related or intelligence-related increase and heavily relies on lexical or conceptual processes.

本研究的目的是分离记忆任务中的内隐和外显成分，并阐明这两个成分的性质。三种不同的方法：记住/知道判断，病理性分离，和发展性分离。在第一个实验中，大学生要么阅读目标名词，要么根据目标名词的定义生成目标名词。然后进行识别测试：要求受试者对他们称之为旧的项目进行记住/知道判断和信心评级。结果表明，记住/知道的反应显着相关的信心评级。在第二个实验中，酒精中毒的科萨科夫患者和对照组研究了一系列用不同文字书写的日语名词。当书写脚本在研究和测试阶段之间改变时，词片段完成的启动被减弱，但与基线表现相比仍然是可靠的。这在Korsakoff患者和对照受试者中均得到证实。相比之下，脚本的变化对识别记忆的影响很小，这在科尔萨科夫患者中严重受损。在第三个实验中，小学生和大学生在阅读或生成任务后接受了内隐和外显记忆测试。结果表明，儿童在生成条件下的启动反应低于阅读条件下的启动反应，而成人在生成条件和阅读条件下的启动反应没有差异。在第四个实验中，智力迟钝的人表现出与儿童相似的轮廓。总之，这些发现表明，内隐记忆中有两个不同的组成部分，一个没有表现出发展或病理差异，严重依赖于知觉过程，另一个表现出与年龄相关或与智力相关的增长，严重依赖于词汇或概念过程。

项目成果

Komatsu, S.et al.: "Age-related and intelligence-related differences in implicit memory : Effects of generation on a word-fragment completion test" Journal of Experimental Child Psychology. Vol.62, No.2. 151-172 (1996)

Komatsu, S.et al.：“内隐记忆中与年龄相关和智力相关的差异：生成对单词片段完成测试的影响”实验儿童心理学杂志。