CHINESE HIGHER EDUCATION UNDER A MARKET ECONOMY : FROM CENTRAL CONTROL TO INSTITUTIONAL AUTONOMY

20年前，中国的高等教育系统深深植根于社会主义社会和经济。20世纪70年代末以来，随着中央集权主导的计划经济体制向市场经济体制的转变，中国高等教育体制发生了根本性的改革。然而，由于通往市场经济的道路上有曲折，高等教育改革的进程并不总是一帆风顺。中国是如何完成这一艰巨任务的？在过去的20年里，这项政策是如何演变的？这一系列政策背后的主要问题是什么？在这份报告中，对过去二十年来中国的高等教育政策进行了简要的调查。将负责回答这些问题。在过去的二十年里，中国的高等教育政策和高等教育本身发生了非常迅速的变化。在这短短的时间里，中国成功地奠定了高等教育制度的法律基础，并找到了支持高等教育制度的途径。现在，它正致力于提高学术水平，以提高其地位，并在世界经济中竞争。然而，为了实现这些目标，她必须解决一些严重而普遍的问题，并重塑自我。发展可持续的、具有全球竞争力的高等教育体系面临着一些障碍。该制度的法律框架还远未完善。但是，更为严重和深刻的问题是融资问题。从某种意义上说，这是支撑中国从计划经济向市场经济转型过程中许多新改革的关键问题。一方面是增长和扩张，另一方面是维护公平和正义感，两者之间的平衡是非常微妙的。高等教育政策将如何应对这些巨大的问题？这仍然是一个悬而未决的问题。可以肯定的是，对于中国高等教育来说，未来十年将比过去二十年更加关键。本文第一章将介绍中国的高等教育制度，重点介绍普通高等教育和成人高等教育制度。然后分析了高等教育政策的变化。目前已经进行了六个阶段的市场改革。它们是：(1)中国高等教育改革的设计；(2)高等教育市场机制的引入；(3)私立高等教育的发展和合法化；(4)毕业生劳动力市场的引入；(5)高等教育财政改革；(6)重大政策行动的采取。本章将提供一个背景来讨论当前问题和未来挑战的性质

Twenty years ago, the higher education system in China was deeply imbedded in the socialist society and economy. With the shift from the system of the planned economy dominated by the centralized power to that of the market economy since the end of the 1970s, there have been radical reforms of higher education system in China. Yet, as there are twists and turns in the road to the market economy, the process of higher education reform has not always gone smoothly.How did China struggle with this formidable task? How did the policy evolve over the twenty-years period? What have been the major issues behind the series of policies? In this report, a brief survey of the higher education policies in China over the past twenty years. Will be undertaken to answer these questions.Higher education policy, and higher education itself, in China have evolved very rapidly in the past two decades. In this short period, China has succeeded in laying out legal foundation of higher education system and … More found ways to support it. Now, it is focusing on raising academic standards to enhanced its status and compete in the world economy. However, to achieve these goals, she must solve some serious and pervasive problems, and reinvent itself.There are several barriers to the development of a sustainable, globally competitive higher education system. Legal framework of the system is far from complete. But, the more serious and deep problem is that of financing. In a sense, this is the major critical issue underpinning many new reforms as the country proceeds from a planned to a market economy. The balance between growth and expansion on the one hand, and maintenance of equity and sense of justice on the other is very delicate.How will higher education policy respond to these enormous issues? This is still an open question. One thing certain is that next decade will be even more critical for Chinese higher education than the past two decades.Here the first chapter will described Chinese higher education system, focusing on the regular higher education and the adult higher education systems. Then analyzed the changes higher education policies. There are six market phases of reform have taken place. They are (1) the design of higher education reform in China, (2) Introduction of Market Mechanism to higher Education (3) the development and legitimization of private higher education (4) the introduction of graduate labor market, (5) financial reform of higher education, and (6) the adoption of major policy actions. The chapter will provide a context to discuss the nature of the present issues and future challenges Less