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Faith and Ethics of the people Seen through Kakun and Yuigon

通过 Kakun 和 Yuigon 看到人们的信仰和道德

基本信息

批准号：
09610351
负责人：
ARIMOTO Masao
金额：
$ 1.34万
依托单位：
Hiroshima university of Economics
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
1997
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1997 至 1999
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

The purpose of this study is to examine the faith and ethics kept by wealthy farmers and merchants in the Tokugawa era, and to see if their common morals penetrated the general public.Family precepts and wills in the Tokugawa era were collected from the main regions in Japan, which were classified into the Kanto, the Kinki, and the devout Shinshu sectarian areas. These documents were analyzed in light of the faith and ethics kept by wealthy farmers and merchants. Their sense of duty as village officials was also analyzed in order to examine if their common morals penetrated the general public. The following results were obtained through the analysis :(1) the Kanto region and its peripheral areas :Heaven, Got, Buddha, and the sprits of the ancestors were worshipped in a complex manner, with the strong incantational faith. A sense of common morality was thought to be necessary for the prosperity of the families. From the 1760's on, the wealthy farmers and merchants avoided becoming village officials. Consequently, their common morals scarcely infiltrated people's minds.(2) the Kinki region and its peripheral areas :These areas had a characteristic that was in-between of the Kanto and the devout Shinshu sectarian areas. Wealthy farmers and merchants in the Kinki areas did not avoid becoming village officials and their common morals seemed to infiltrate the general public. Confucianism also exerted a great influence on people.(3) the devout Shinshu sectarian areas :People here kept their strong faith in the Amitabha Tathagata, a symbolic representation of goddess. There was, however, little incantational faith in these areas. The practices of common morality and faith were so inseparable that the religious education was extensively provided in the temples. Wealthy farmers and merchants took charge of village officials with sincerity.

本研究的目的是为了考察德川时代富裕的农民和商人的信仰和道德，以及他们的共同道德是否渗透到普通民众中。德川时代的家训和遗嘱是从日本主要地区收集的，这些地区被分为关东、近畿和虔诚的信州宗派地区。从富农、富商的信仰和伦理道德角度对这些文献进行了分析。并分析了他们作为村官的责任感，以考察他们的共同道德是否渗透到社会大众中。通过分析得出以下结论：（1）关东地区及其周边地区：对天、神、佛、祖先神灵的崇拜方式复杂，具有较强的咒语信仰。共同的道德感被认为是家庭繁荣的必要条件。从18世纪60年代起，富裕的农民和商人避免成为乡村官员。因此，他们的共同道德几乎没有渗透到人们的头脑中。(2)近畿地区及其周边地区：这些地区的特点是介于关东和虔诚的信州教派地区之间。近畿地区富裕的农民和商人并不避免成为村干部，他们的共同道德似乎渗透到了普通民众中。儒家思想也对人们产生了很大的影响。(3)虔诚的信州宗教区：这里的人们对阿弥陀佛--女神的象征--保持着强烈的信仰。然而，这些地区几乎没有咒语信仰。世俗道德与宗教信仰的实践是密不可分的，因此宗教教育在寺庙中得到了广泛的提供。富裕的农民和商人以真诚的态度管理着村官。