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Faust-Literature and the Christian Demonology

浮士德文学与基督教恶魔学

基本信息

批准号：
09610511
负责人：
TAKAHASHI Yoshito
金额：
$ 0.64万
依托单位：
KYOTO UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
1997
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1997 至 1998
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-09610511/
关键词：
Faust Demonology Contract with the Devil German Folklore Goethe Grabbe Yukio Mishima Osamu Teduka デモノロジーグラッベキリスト教悪魔鬼解釈学

项目摘要

Europeans believe not only in God, but also in the Devil. These beliefs are not seen among the Japanese. The Devil and the Japanese demon are fairly different. In Japan, the spirits who are highly respected become gods, and those who are not respected become demons.In the European societies before the spread of Christianity, the old beliefs existed, which somewhat resemble the Japanese attitude to gods and demons. We can still see the rest of these old beliefs in "Perchtenlauf" in southern Germany, in which the "beautiful Perchta"and the "ugly Perchta"fight with each other.The Scholastic philosophies brought up the demonology. "The Tale of Theophilus", the forerunner of the Faust-legend, became popular in the European societies since the 12th century.The end of the popular play "Faust" in the 16th century and that of Goethe's "Faust" are quite different. The controversy between Luther and Erasmus lies in the background. The popular play is based on Lutheran doctrines ; Goethe on the humanist spirit of "free will.After Goethe, as the times are more confused, "Faust"-stories became more pessimistic. In the background of Grabbe's "Don Juan und Faust" is the Napoleonic War ; in that of Bulgakov's "The Master and Margarita"is Stalinism.Japan is far from the tradition of demonology. Therefore, the Japanese "Faust"-stories have a special character. Yukio Mishima's "Kinjiki" ("The Forbidden Love") and Osamu Tezuka's "Neo-Faust" will be regarded as representative Japanese "Faust"-stories.

欧洲人不仅信仰上帝，也信仰魔鬼。这些信念在日本人中是看不到的。魔鬼和日本的恶魔是相当不同的。在日本，被尊崇的鬼神变成神，不受尊重的人变成魔鬼。在基督教传播之前的欧洲社会，古老的信仰已经存在，这与日本人对待神魔的态度有些相似。我们仍然可以在德国南部的《Perchtenlaf》中看到这些古老信仰的其余部分，在这些信仰中，“美丽的Perchta”和“丑陋的Perchta”相互争斗。《西奥菲勒斯的故事》是浮士德传说的前身，自12世纪开始风靡欧洲社会。16世纪流行戏剧《浮士德》的结局与歌德的《浮士德》结局截然不同。路德和伊拉斯谟之间的争论存在于幕后。这部受欢迎的戏剧是以路德教义为基础的；歌德的人文主义精神是“自由意志”。歌德之后，随着时代的迷茫，《浮士德》的故事变得更加悲观。格拉布的《浮士德和唐·胡安》的背景是拿破仑战争，布尔加科夫的《主人和玛格丽塔》的背景是斯大林主义。日本与妖魔论的传统相去甚远。因此，日本的《浮士德》小说具有特殊的品格。三岛由纪夫的《禁忌之恋》和手冢修武的《浮士德》将被视为具有代表性的日本《浮士德》--故事。