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Evolution of Bronze Objects in the Old East Asia

旧东亚青铜器的演变

基本信息

批准号：
08041035
负责人：
HIRAO Yoshimitsu
金额：
$ 9.6万
依托单位：
Tokyo National Research Institute of Cultural Properties
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for international Scientific Research
财政年份：
1996
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1996 至 1998
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-08041035/
关键词：
Lead Isotope Ratio Bronze Objects Sanshingdui Erlitou Yinxu Western Zhou Old Bronze coin Chemical Composition of Old Bronze objects

项目摘要

THE aim of this work is to assist the archaeological understanding of the evolution of the early bronze culture in East Asia using scientific method. The provenance study by means of lead isotope ratio method and chemical composition of bronze objects for the estimation of the technical evolution stage of the culture were mainly applied as scientific method for this work. Small samples of bronze objects excavated from the old Chinese sites were collected in China and the samples were transferred to Japan. After then the lead isotope ratios and chemical compositions of the samples were measured with the Chinese reseacher.Lead isotope ratios of about 250 samples of old Chinese bronze objects were measured with a surface ionization mass spectrometer. Chemical composition of about 50 samples were also obtained for these samples with ICP (AES and MASS) method.Following features were found from this work. During the Erlitou period, the chemical composition of the bronze objects were changed gradually from pure copper to leaded tin-copper alloy (leaded bronze) according to the time change. The bronze materials were estimated to be brought from Shandong to Lyaoning area. During Shang period, chemical composition of bronze objects were mainly leaded bronze. The technique to handle the leaded bronze were looked to be established. Many of the bronze objects excavated from the Shang sites near Yellow river area showed the same lead isotope values with the materials of Sanshingdui bronze along the Yangtze river, During the Western Zhou period, bronze objects which had the different lead isotope values from the Erlitou and Shang period were mainly used.

这项工作的目的是用科学的方法帮助考古学了解东亚早期青铜文化的演变。主要采用铅同位素比值法和青铜器化学成分研究的方法研究出处，以判断文化的技术演化阶段，作为这项工作的科学方法。中国收集了从中国旧遗址出土的小青铜器样本，并将样本转移到日本。用国产仪器测定了样品的铅同位素比值和化学成分。用表面电离质谱仪测定了约250件中国古代青铜器样品的铅同位素比值。用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪和质谱仪测定了约50个样品的化学成分，发现了以下特征：在二里头时期，青铜器的化学成分随着时间的变化逐渐由纯铜转变为含铅锡铜合金(含铅青铜)。据估计，这些青铜材料是从山东运到辽宁地区的。商代青铜器的化学成分以含铅青铜为主。处理含铅青铜的技术似乎已经建立起来了。黄河一带商代遗址出土的许多青铜器与长江沿岸的三生堆青铜器材料具有相同的铅同位素值，西周时期主要使用与二里头和商代不同的青铜器。