Primary Study for Conservation of Historic Buildings and Villages in Bhutan

对宗、宗教设施、房屋和村庄进行了三次实地调查。此外，亦调查了历史建筑物的实际保育情况及采购所需物料的情况。调查结果作为个案报告，提供了16个钟、18个宗教设施、7个民居和8个村庄的历史、建筑形式、特点和年代。此外，报告书共分八章，分别讨论宗庙的历史变迁及特色、庙宇的年代、民居的变迁、村落的位置及空间结构的特点、保护技术及保护制度等问题。(1)虽然宗和主要拉康的维护和维修是在内政部和文化特别委员会的管辖范围内进行的， 关于我们 l在文化事务方面，没有关于保护文化财产价值的既定概念或制度。然而，一些技术官员意识到保护文化财产的重要性和方法。此外，像木匠这样的工人对传统方法有足够的知识，而且技术很好。(2)寺庙建筑虽然深受西藏佛教寺庙建筑的影响，但从世纪开始，在结构、规划和设计方面都有了独特的发展和变化。今天，这些寺庙已成为展示不丹特色的文化遗产。(3)我们成功地制作了一个时间索引的基础上观察到的变化雕刻和绘画应用在括号。(4)这些房屋展示了不丹特有的设计和结构技术。虽然不丹不同地区似乎有许多房屋建于100多年前，但也有许多房屋正在重建。在这方面，需要立即采取措施保护它们。(5)从地形上看，不丹的土地由复杂的山脉和山谷组成，因此不丹的小气候变化很大。因此，不丹村庄所在地的环境也各不相同。此外，在房屋的布置和人们对边界的看法中也可以发现不丹特有的特点。少

Field survey of Dzongs, religious facilities, houses and villages was conducted three times. Survey was also made into the actual condition of conservation of historic buildings and circumstances surrounding the procurement of necessary materials. The results of these surveys have been reported as case studies, and the history, construction forms, characteristics and dates of 16 zhongs, 18 religious facilities, 7 vernacular houses and 8 villages are provided. In addition, 8 chapters discussing the historical changes and characteristics of Dzongs, chronology of temples, changes in houses, location of villages and characteristics of their spatial composition, issues related with conservation techniques and the system of preservation have been included in the reported.The following is a brief summary of the report.(1) Although the maintenance and repair of Dzongs and major lhakhang are undertaken in the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Internal Affairs and the Special Commission on Cultura … More l Affairs, there is no established concept or system concerning the conservation of the value of cultural properties. However, some technical officials are aware of the significance and methods of conserving cultural properties. Moreover, workers like carpenters have sufficient knowledge about traditional methods and are well skilled.(2) Although temples buildings have been strongly influenced by Buddhist temple architecture of Tibet, unique development and changes have been observed from the 17th century onward with regard to structure, plan and design. Today these temples have become cultural heritage that exhibit characteristics particular to Bhutan.(3) We succeeded in making a chronological index based on the changes observed on carvings and paintings applied on the brackets.(4) The houses exhibit design and structural techniques particular to Bhutan. Although it appears than there are many houses in different parts of Bhutan that were built over 100 years ago, there are also many cases in which these houses are being rebuilt. In this respect, immediate measure for their conservation are required.(5) Topographically, the land is composed of an intricate pattern of mountains and valleys and the microclimate of Bhutan varies much as a result. For this reason there environment of the location of villages in Bhutan is also diverse. Furthermore, characteristics particular to Bhutan can be found in the arrangement of houses and people's perception of boundaries. Less