Primary Study for Conservation of Historic Buildings and Villages in Bhutan

对宗、宗教设施、房屋和村庄进行了三次实地调查。此外，我们还调查了历史建筑的实际保存情况，以及采购所需材料的情况。调查结果以个案形式报告，并提供了16个钟、18个宗教设施、7个民居和8个村庄的历史、建筑形式、特征和日期。此外，报告还包括8个章节，讨论宗的历史变化和特征，寺庙的年代史，房屋的变化，村庄的位置和空间构成特征，保护技术和保护制度等问题。以下是该报告的简要摘要。(1)虽然大钟和大拉杭的维护和维修是在内务部和文化事务特别委员会的管辖范围内进行的，但在保护文化财产价值方面没有既定的概念或制度。然而，一些技术官员意识到保护文化财产的重要性和方法。此外，像木匠这样的工人对传统方法有足够的了解，而且技术娴熟。(2)虽然寺庙建筑受到西藏佛教寺庙建筑的强烈影响，但自17世纪以来，在结构、规划和设计方面都有了独特的发展和变化。今天，这些寺庙已经成为不丹特有的文化遗产。我们根据在方括号上的雕刻和绘画上观察到的变化，成功地制作了一个年代索引。(4)这些房屋展示了不丹特有的设计和结构技术。虽然不丹的不同地区有很多建于100多年前的房子，但也有很多房子正在重建。在这方面，需要立即采取保护措施。从地形上看，不丹的土地是由复杂的山脉和山谷组成的，因此不丹的小气候变化很大。因此，不丹的村庄所在的环境也是多种多样的。此外，不丹特有的特点可以在房屋的安排和人们对边界的感知中找到。少

Field survey of Dzongs, religious facilities, houses and villages was conducted three times. Survey was also made into the actual condition of conservation of historic buildings and circumstances surrounding the procurement of necessary materials. The results of these surveys have been reported as case studies, and the history, construction forms, characteristics and dates of 16 zhongs, 18 religious facilities, 7 vernacular houses and 8 villages are provided. In addition, 8 chapters discussing the historical changes and characteristics of Dzongs, chronology of temples, changes in houses, location of villages and characteristics of their spatial composition, issues related with conservation techniques and the system of preservation have been included in the reported.The following is a brief summary of the report.(1) Although the maintenance and repair of Dzongs and major lhakhang are undertaken in the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Internal Affairs and the Special Commission on Cultura … More l Affairs, there is no established concept or system concerning the conservation of the value of cultural properties. However, some technical officials are aware of the significance and methods of conserving cultural properties. Moreover, workers like carpenters have sufficient knowledge about traditional methods and are well skilled.(2) Although temples buildings have been strongly influenced by Buddhist temple architecture of Tibet, unique development and changes have been observed from the 17th century onward with regard to structure, plan and design. Today these temples have become cultural heritage that exhibit characteristics particular to Bhutan.(3) We succeeded in making a chronological index based on the changes observed on carvings and paintings applied on the brackets.(4) The houses exhibit design and structural techniques particular to Bhutan. Although it appears than there are many houses in different parts of Bhutan that were built over 100 years ago, there are also many cases in which these houses are being rebuilt. In this respect, immediate measure for their conservation are required.(5) Topographically, the land is composed of an intricate pattern of mountains and valleys and the microclimate of Bhutan varies much as a result. For this reason there environment of the location of villages in Bhutan is also diverse. Furthermore, characteristics particular to Bhutan can be found in the arrangement of houses and people's perception of boundaries. Less