Phylogenetical study of tupaiidae in Thailand and Indonesia

利用线粒体细胞色素Coxidase亚基II(COII)基因序列分析了东南亚常见树鼠的遗传多样性。对来自老挝、泰国和印度尼西亚(苏门答腊岛)12个地区的58个样本进行了测序，发现了38种不同的类型。聚类分析表明，研究区有两个不同的树鼠类群(N类和S类)。从这两个类群之间的巨大差异来看，推测存在形态分泌物种。从马来半岛中部的Hat Yai采集的样本含有这两种mtDNA类型。讨论了Hat Yai周围与生殖隔离或异地共生的可能性，以及与形态寄生物种的关系。对印度支那和马来亚部分地区常见的树鼠(Tupaia Glis)的形态变异进行了观察。骨计量学检查和主成分分析阐明了v…的形态差异更多样化的人群。泰国南部和西部的种群在形态上与其他种群不同，泰国南部和考拉隆坡的雄性种群的变异表明克拉峡部可能对颅骨形态的变异有影响。然而，在这种动物中，克拉峡部并不完全被认为是一个地理分离的因素，因为我们不能确定至少在女性中颅骨大小和形状的分离。为了研究斯堪的纳维亚人的卵巢功能，抑制素和类固醇生成酶(3β-HSD，17α-羟基酶)的定位。芳香酶)在卵巢中，普通树鼠和北方光尾树鼠。抑制素和3β-HSD在两种动物的颗粒细胞中均有表达。然而，17α羟基酶和芳香化酶定位于树鼠内膜，而在北方光尾树鼠的颗粒细胞中。产生了与卵巢、睾丸和肾上腺类固醇合成相关的蛋白质以及伸长成熟精子细胞的单抗，并对其进行了鉴定。通过宏观解剖学的方法，对北欧树栖物种--北方光尾树鼠的运动系统进行了研究。在这项研究中，我们描述了肩部、前臂、臀部和小腿区域的肌肉系统。三角肌和肩峰发育良好。在肩胛骨上可辨别出特征性的肩峰后窝。大圆肌和三头肌均有大束，附着于肩峰后窝，在后肢区，股二头肌插入后肢远端大面积。股二头肌下可见细小肌群。我们认为这些发现可能有助于该物种的树栖运动，并且这些可能典型地代表了北欧肌肉系统的树栖适应模式。用免疫组织化学方法研究了普通和爪哇树鼠的肠道内分泌细胞。在这两个物种中，观察到13种免疫反应细胞，但它们的分布和频率不同。较少

Genetic diversity of the common tree shrew in Southeast Asia was examined by sequencing mitochondrial cytochrome coxidase subunit II (COII) gene. Sequencing of 58 samples from 12 localities in Laos, Thailand and Indonesia (Sumatra) revealed 38 different types. Clustering analysis strongly suggested two distinctive groups (N and S types) of tree shrews in the study area. Judging from great diversity between these two groups, the existence of morphocryptic species was inferred. Samples taken from Hat Yai in the middle of the Malay Peninsula contained both of the mtDNA types. The possibility of sympatry with reproductive isolation or allopatry without reproductive isolation (or parapatry) around Hat Yai was discussed in relation to morphocryptic species.Geographical variation was examined morphologically in the common tree shrew (Tupaia glis) in some Indochinese and Malayan regions. Osteometrical examination and principal component analysis elucidated the morphological differences among v … More arious populations. The populations from southern and western Thailand were distinguished morphologically from the other populations, Variation in males from south Thailand and Koala Lumpur suggests that the Isthmus of Kra may have an influence on the variation of skull morphology. However, the Isthmus of Kra was not completely considered as a factor of geographical separation in this animal, because we could not confirm the separation in skull size and shape between localities at least in females.To study the ovarian function of the Scandentia, the localization of inhibin and steroidgenic enzymes (3beta HSD, 17 alpha hydroxylase. aromatase) in the ovary, the common tree shrew and the northern smooth tailed tree shrew. Inhibin and 3beta HSD were found in the granulosa cells in the both species. However 17 alpha hydroxylase and aromatase were localized in the theca interna of the common tree shrew, while they were in the granulosa cells of the northern smooth-tailed tree shrew.Monoclonal antibodies for proteins related to steroid synthesis in ovary, testis and adrenal and for elongating and matures spermatids were produced and characterized in the common tree shrews. These should be useful for future works.The locomotor system of the northern smooth-tailed tree shrew (Dendrogale murina), one of the arboreal species of Scandentia, was examined by means of macroscopic anatomy. In this study, we described the muscular system in the shoulder, forearm, hip and crus regions. The M.deltoideus and the acromion of scapula were well-developed. The characteristic postscapular fossa was distinguishable in the scapula. The M.teres major and M.triceps brachii possessed large bundles and were attached to the postscapular fossa, In the hindlimb region, the M.biceps femoris were inserted into large area of distal hindlimb. The M.tenuissimus was discernible beneath the M.biceps femoris. We suggest that these findings may contribute to the arboreal locomotion in this species and that these may typically represent the arboreal adaptational pattern of muscular system in the Scandentia.Gut endocrine cells were investigated immunohistochemically in the common and Java tree shrews. In the both species, 13 types of immunoreactive cells were observed, but their distribution and frequencies were different between them. Less