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Natural history of submarine cave organisms in Indo-Pacific

印度太平洋海底洞穴生物的自然历史

基本信息

批准号：
08041162
负责人：
KASE Tomoki
金额：
$ 16.45万
依托单位：
National Science Museum
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for international Scientific Research
财政年份：
1996
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1996 至 1998
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

Kase & Kinjo (1996) found a cave nassaried gastropods and Kase (1998) described 16 new species of the Pickworthiidae typical of caves. Kase and Kano (in press) described an enigmatic new genus and species from a submarine cave of Palau, possibly with neritopsine affinity .Hayami (1998) presents a hypothesis from analyses of size changes of bivalves in time and space and reproductive adaptation of cave bivalves that oligotrophic condition are responsible for the mass extinctions caused by various geologic and astronomical events. Although various environmental factors may influence the body size of organisms, recent knowledge of deep-sea and submarine cave faunas indicates that food supply is of prime importance as a factor controlling the adult size and adaptive strategy of bivalves.Significant shell-size reductin of bivalves seems to have occurred at the same time with Permian/Triassic and Cretaceous/Tertiary mass extinctions, probably because large-sized species (or group) were selec … More tively eliminated.Takeda (1998) described 6 species of crabs collected in submarine caves around Koror Island, Palau : Schizophyrys dahlak (Majidae), Carupa ohashii, Chair ybdis paucidentata and Laleonectes nipponensis (Pornidae), and Lentilumnus tatimanus and Pilumnus sp. (Pilumnidae). S.dahliak had been known only from the Red Sea and Ch. paucidentata from the western Indian Oceans. Species of the Majidae and Purtunidae seems to be cave inhabitants.A living fossil sigillid genus, Kasella, was first discovered from submarine caves (Tabuki & Hanai, in press). Sigillids are primitive podocopid ostracods having ancient characters Kasella is possibly derived from the sigillid Cardobairdia of deep-waters. It is likely that Kasella has successfully colonized hard substrates in caves, particularly exploiting the crevices on cave walls and ceilings as its microhabitat. Kasella may have adapted to this cryptic habitat in response to strong cytheracean competitors and predators such as gastropods that do not survive well in dark and oligotrophic submarine caves. Less

Kase & Kinjo（1996）发现了一种穴居的腹足类动物，Kase（1998）描述了16种典型洞穴的皮克沃斯科新种。Kase和Kano（出版中）在帕劳的海底洞穴中描述了一个神秘的新属和新种，可能与海蜥有亲缘关系。Hayami（1998）通过分析双壳类动物的大小时空变化和洞穴双壳类动物的生殖适应性，提出了一种假说，认为各种地质和天文事件导致双壳类动物的大灭绝是由营养不良条件造成的。尽管各种环境因素可能影响生物的体型，但最近对深海和海底洞穴动物群的了解表明，食物供应是控制双壳类成虫体型和适应策略的最重要因素。双壳类动物的外壳尺寸明显缩小似乎与二叠纪/三叠纪和白垩纪/第三纪大灭绝同时发生，可能是因为大型物种（或类群）被选择性地灭绝了。Takeda（1998）描述了在帕劳Koror岛附近海底洞穴中收集的6种螃蟹：Schizophyrys dahlak (Majidae), Carupa ohashii， Chair ybdis paucidentata和Laleonectes nipponensis (Pornidae)， Lentilumnus tatimanus和Pilumnus sp. （Pilumnidae）。在此之前，人们只在红海中发现了S.dahliak，在西印度洋发现了paucidentata。马吉达科和普图尼达科的一种似乎是穴居动物。一种活化石sigillid属，Kasella，最初是从海底洞穴中发现的（Tabuki & Hanai，出版中）。sigillid是一种具有古代特征的原始足类介形虫，可能来源于深水中的sigillid Cardobairdia。卡塞拉很可能已经成功地在洞穴中殖民了坚硬的基质，特别是利用洞穴墙壁和天花板上的裂缝作为它的微栖息地。卡塞拉可能已经适应了这个隐蔽的栖息地，以应对强大的cytheracean竞争对手和捕食者，如腹足类动物，它们不能在黑暗和营养不足的海底洞穴中生存。少