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Genetic Effects of Low Dose Radiations in Man and Animals

低剂量辐射对人和动物的遗传效应

基本信息

批准号：
08041174
负责人：
NOMURA Taisei
金额：
$ 11.9万
依托单位：
Osaka University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for international Scientific Research
财政年份：
1996
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1996 至 1998
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-08041174/
关键词：
Low dose radiations Chernobyl catastrophe Genetic effects Ecological effects Wild animals and plants Biological concentration Leukemia WTl gene 遺伝的影響野生動植物白血病

项目摘要

1. Contamination of Radionuclides after Chernobyl Catastrophe : Radionuclides were measured and identified in the contaminated area (Gomel, Khoiniki, Bragin) and uncontaminated area (Minsk). Radionuclides, mostly ^<137>, are concentrated in the glasshopper < dragonfly <mole <mouse, although those in the soil are decreasing. High concentration was also observed in carp and frog.2. Ecological and Transgenerational Effects : Chromosomal aberrations still remain in Drosophila, frog, and mouse as high as those just after the accident, although ten years have passed. It may be caused by highly concentrated radionuclides in these animals, rather than transgenerational (genetic) effects.3. Experimental Studies : Significantly high incidence of somatic mutations (spot test) was ditected in Drosophila by feeding contaminated red berry.4. Genetic Effects in Human : Lymphocytes in the peripheral blood were collected from liquidators and people living in the contaminated area, and expression level of WT1 tumor gene, a maker of leukemia, was quantitated. 16 of 28 liquidators with hematological abnormality showed significantly high expression of WT1 gene, indicating a higher risk of leumekia. Some of the liquidators without hematological change and control Belarusian in the uncontaminated area (Minsk) showed moderately high expression of WT1, but all of 49 Japanese and 26 Cocasians living in Osaka showed undectable level of WT1.

1. 切尔诺贝利灾难后放射性核素的污染：在污染区（戈梅利、霍伊尼基、布拉金）和未污染区（明斯克）测量并鉴定了放射性核素。放射性核素，大部分为^<137>，集中在玻璃蝉<蜻蜓<鼹鼠<小鼠中，尽管土壤中的放射性核素正在减少。鲤鱼和青蛙的浓度也较高。2．生态和跨代影响：尽管十年过去了，果蝇、青蛙和小鼠的染色体畸变仍然与事故发生后一样严重。它可能是由这些动物体内高浓度的放射性核素引起的，而不是跨代（遗传）效应。3．实验研究：果蝇食用受污染的红浆果后发现体细胞突变发生率显着升高（抽查）。 4．对人类的遗传效应：采集清理者和污染地区居民的外周血淋巴细胞，对白血病标记物WT1肿瘤基因的表达水平进行定量。 28名血液学异常的清算人中有16人WT1基因显着高表达，表明患白血病的风险较高。一些未发生血液学变化的清除者和未污染地区（明斯克）的对照白俄罗斯人显示出中等高的WT1表达，但居住在大阪的所有49名日本人和26名高加索人均显示出不可检测的WT1水平。