Genetic Effects of Low Dose Radiations in Man and Animals

1.切尔诺贝利灾难后放射性核素的污染：在污染区（戈梅利、霍伊尼基、布拉金）和未污染区（明斯克）测量和鉴定了放射性核素。放射性核素<137>主要集中在玻璃虫&lt;鼹鼠&lt;老鼠体内，尽管土壤中的放射性核素正在减少。鲤鱼和青蛙体内也有较高的浓度.生态与跨代效应：虽然十年过去了，但果蝇、青蛙和小鼠的染色体畸变仍然与事故发生后一样高。这可能是由这些动物体内高浓度的放射性核素引起的，而不是跨代（遗传）效应。实验研究：果蝇喂食受污染的红莓后，经斑点试验检测到显著高的体细胞突变发生率.对人类的遗传影响：收集清理人员和污染区居民的外周血淋巴细胞，定量检测白血病标志物WT1肿瘤基因的表达水平。在28例血液学异常者中，有16例WT1基因表达明显增高，提示白血病的危险性较高。一些清算没有血液学变化和控制白俄罗斯在未受污染的地区（明斯克）表现出适度的高表达WT 1，但所有的49个日本人和26个Cocasians生活在大坂表现出undectable水平的WT 1。

1. Contamination of Radionuclides after Chernobyl Catastrophe : Radionuclides were measured and identified in the contaminated area (Gomel, Khoiniki, Bragin) and uncontaminated area (Minsk). Radionuclides, mostly ^<137>, are concentrated in the glasshopper < dragonfly <mole <mouse, although those in the soil are decreasing. High concentration was also observed in carp and frog.2. Ecological and Transgenerational Effects : Chromosomal aberrations still remain in Drosophila, frog, and mouse as high as those just after the accident, although ten years have passed. It may be caused by highly concentrated radionuclides in these animals, rather than transgenerational (genetic) effects.3. Experimental Studies : Significantly high incidence of somatic mutations (spot test) was ditected in Drosophila by feeding contaminated red berry.4. Genetic Effects in Human : Lymphocytes in the peripheral blood were collected from liquidators and people living in the contaminated area, and expression level of WT1 tumor gene, a maker of leukemia, was quantitated. 16 of 28 liquidators with hematological abnormality showed significantly high expression of WT1 gene, indicating a higher risk of leumekia. Some of the liquidators without hematological change and control Belarusian in the uncontaminated area (Minsk) showed moderately high expression of WT1, but all of 49 Japanese and 26 Cocasians living in Osaka showed undectable level of WT1.