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Molecular mechanism of acclimation and tolerance to low temperature.

适应和耐受低温的分子机制。

基本信息

批准号：
08102011
负责人：
MURATA Norio
金额：
$ 106.88万
依托单位：
Okazaki National Research Institutes
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Specially Promoted Research
财政年份：
1996
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1996 至 2000
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-08102011/
关键词：
cold acclimation cold tolerance desaturase unsaturated lipid betaine cold signal cold sensor genomics ゲノミックス形質転換植物光合成

项目摘要

(1) The effect of unsaturated membrane lipids on tolerance to cold and freezing stress : Up to the last year we demonstrated that unsaturated membrane lipids protect the photosynthetic machinery of plants and cyanobacteria against the photoinhibition at low temperature by promoting the repair of photoinhibited photosystem II.In this year, we have elucidated that the unsaturated membrane lipids accelerate the translation of psbA gene for the precursor to D1 protein, and furthermore that they are also important in the tolerance of the photosynthetic machinery to salt stress.(2) Protection against cold and freezing stress by glycinebetaine : We previously demonstrated that the genetic manipulation to enable Arabidopsis to synthesize glycinebetaine enhances tolerance to various kinds of environmental stress at various stages of life cycle. In this year we have elucidated that the protective effect of glycinebetaine is based on the promotion of protein synthesis de novo by stabilizing the protein-synthesizing machinery.(3) New factors for cold acclimation : The global examination of cold-inducible expression of genes in Synechocystis with DNA microarrays has revealed that cold stress induces a number of genes, which encode factors in transcription and translation, subunit proteins of ribosomes, RNA helicases, and a number of proteins of unknown function. Functions of these proteins in cold acclimation are important subjects of future study.(4) Cold sensor and cold signal transduction pathway : Up to the last year, we identified two cold sensors and a cold-signal transducer. In this year, we have applied DNA microarrays to successfully classify cold-inducible genes into three groups according to the regulation of cold inducibility by the cold sensors. Group-1 genes are regulated by the first cold sensor, Group-2 genes are by the second sensor, and Group-3 genes are by both sensors.

(1)不饱和膜脂对耐寒和抗冻胁迫的影响：到去年为止，我们证明了不饱和膜脂通过促进光抑制的光系统II的修复来保护植物和蓝藻的光合机制免受低温下的光抑制。我们已经阐明了不饱和膜脂加速psbA基因翻译为D1蛋白的前体，此外，它们在光合机制对盐胁迫的耐受性中也是重要的。(2)甘氨酸甜菜碱对寒冷和冷冻胁迫的保护：我们以前证明，使拟南芥合成甘氨酸甜菜碱的遗传操作增强了对生命周期各个阶段各种环境胁迫的耐受性。今年，我们已经阐明了甘氨酸甜菜碱的保护作用是基于通过稳定蛋白质合成机制来促进蛋白质从头合成。(3)冷驯化的新因素：用DNA微阵列对集胞藻中冷诱导基因表达的全面检查显示，冷胁迫诱导了许多基因，这些基因编码转录和翻译因子、核糖体亚基蛋白、RNA解旋酶和许多功能未知的蛋白质。这些蛋白在冷适应中的功能是今后研究的重要课题。(4)冷传感器和冷信号转导途径：到去年为止，我们鉴定了两个冷传感器和一个冷信号转导器。今年，我们应用DNA微阵列技术，成功地将冷诱导基因根据冷感应器对冷诱导的调控分为三类。第一组基因受第一冷传感器调节，第二组基因受第二冷传感器调节，第三组基因受两个冷传感器调节。