Comprehensive Research on Next Generation of Analytical Methodology for Environmental Protection

为了控制和维护全球和区域环境，需要高度功能化的测量和分析系统。本项目采用高效分离分析、高灵敏度多元素同时分析、高灵敏度高回收率质谱和超显微分析等方法对多种环境污染物进行了测定。1.为了建立环境中超痕量金属元素的定量体系，研究了超痕量铍的特异性荧光定量方法，硼酸根离子的动力学鉴别模式HPLC检测和ppb-血清中铝离子水平。2.采用ICP原子发射光谱法和ICP质谱法对天然水中微量金属元素进行多元素定量，人血清中稀土元素鉴定及沉积物中多元素深度剖析 ...更多信息 3.利用实验室规模的燃烧装置研究了建筑材料焚烧过程中剧毒二恶英的生成机理。采用同位素稀释法辅助高分辨气相色谱-质谱联用技术，对城市垃圾焚烧炉灰和废气中的二恶英进行分析。结果表明：1）氯化钠是天然物质中二恶英生成的主要氯源; 2）氯化塑料与二恶英的生成密切相关。有机氯化合物比无机氯化合物更有利于二恶英的生成。3）铜强烈促进了氯化塑料中二恶英的生成。铜的催化作用似乎能促进多氯联苯转化为多氯二苯并呋喃.将飞行时间二次离子质谱用于环境悬浮颗粒物中痕量化合物的检测。开发了飞行时间二次离子质谱自动分析软件。该软件应用于汽车尾气中碳烟颗粒的痕量化学物质分析。燃烧相关物种与粒径分布相关。5.通过单颗粒物分析和统计数据分析，建立了悬浮颗粒物源解析算法。少

In order to control and maintain global and regionalenvironment, highly functionalized system of measurement and analysis is required. In this project wide variety of environmental pollutants were measured with high performance separation analysis, high sensitivity multi-element simultaneous analysis, high sensitivity-high resulution mass spectrometry and ultramicroscopic analysis. Discussion was also made on methodology for high level systematization of these techniques.1.In order to establish ultratrace metal elements in the environment, quantification methods were studied for specific fluorescence of ultratrace amount of berillium, kinetic discrimination mode HPLC detection of borate ions and HPLC analysis of ppb-level aluminum ions in serum.2.ICP atomic emission spectrom etry and ICP mass spectrometry were applied to multielement quantification of trace metal elements in naturalwater, identification of rare-earth elements in human serum and multielement in-depth profiling in sedime … More nts of the Lake Biwa.3.Formation mechanism of highly toxic dioxins during incineration of building material was studied by a loboratory-scale combustion apparatus. High resolution gas-chromatography-mass spectrometry was applied to analyze dioxins in ash and exhausts with assistance of isotope-dilution method. Results were as follows.1) Principal source of chlorine in the formation of dioxins from natural material was sodium chloride.2) Chlorinated plastics strongly concerned to formation of dioxins. Organic chlorine compounds more contributed to the formation of dioxins than inorganic chlorine compounds.3) Copperstrongly enhanced the formation of dioxins from chlorinated plastics. Catalytic action of copper seemed to enhance conversion of polychlorinated biphenyl to polychlorinated dibenzofrane.4. Time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry was applied to the detection of trace compounds on the environmental suspended particles. Automatic analysis software for TOF-SIMS spectra was developed. This software was applied to the analysis of trace chemicals on soot particles in motor exhausts. Combustion-related species were related to particle diameter distribution.5.Algorithm was developed for source apportionment of suspended particulate matter by individual particle analysis and statistical data analysis. Less