Cultural and comparative studies of smiling as a facial expression

我们对自然产生的微笑进行了视频录制，并对年龄在20岁到22岁之间的大学生在三年时间里的面部表情进行了分析。参与者由两组组成，即说日语和英语的学生。在第一个实验中，当他们躺在沙发上时，他们每个人都被记录下来，而没有通知实验的真正目的。在放松的时候，他们被娱乐电视节目呈现出来。无论何时出现微笑，都会提交给随后的分析。分析集中了对参与者口腔周围肌肉收缩程度的测量。他们发现，说英语的学生比日本学生的垂直收缩程度明显更强。在第二个实验中，参与者被要求伪装微笑。从运动学的角度将微笑的动作与第一个实验中记录的“真正的微笑”进行了比较。比较结果显示，假笑时肌肉收缩的不对称程度明显比真笑时强。

We conducted video-recordings of naturally-occurring smiling and analyses of the facial expression in university students varying in their age between 20 and 22 years over a three-year-period. The participants consisted of two cohorts, i.e. Japanese and English -speaking students. In the first experiment, each of them was recorded when lying on a sofa without notifying the true purpose of the experiment. They were presented by entertainment TV program when being relaxed. Whenever smiling occurred, it was submitted for the subsequent analyses. The anayses concentrated the measurements of the degree of muscle contraction around the mouth of the participants. They revealed that the degree of vertical contraction was significantly more robust in English-speaking than Japanese students.In the second experiment, the participants were required to smile deceptively. The movement of the smile was kinesiologically compared with "true smiling" which were recorded in the first experiment. Results of the comparison revealed the fact that the degree of asymetry of the muscle contraction was significantly more robust in deceptive smile than in true smile.