Development of a simulator for educational oral surgery using virtual reality

1996年和1997年，研究了建立正颌外科模拟机的基本问题，开发了正侧位头颅正侧位片、CT和牙科模型的模拟软件。利用该程序，可以将头影片所描绘的坐标系应用于CT和牙科模型的数据，并在同一坐标系下观察这三种数据。在此基础上，利用AVS医学查看器图形工作站，于1998年建立了正颌外科手术，特别是升支矢状劈开截骨术的模拟器，并采用区域生长法提取下颌骨。然后利用松质骨的数据建立了体素模型，该模型可以应用于复杂的模拟。阈值被定义为200个Hounsfield单位。以前，截骨术可以在二维上模拟。在该系统中，可以模拟截骨术的动作，反映了…公司的实际手术过程发展后多露骨、锯、刺和骨刺。模块的数量。因此，手术过程可以在三维计算机图形中模拟。三维计算机图形可以包含牙齿模型的数据，这使得高精度地分离后侧向骨碎片的自动移动成为可能。此外，还开发了分裂后两个骨骼碎片之间的干涉检测功能，这使得能够分析以前难以预测的骨骼干涉，这澄清了这一点。骨骼干扰造成了各种问题。在这个系统中，它。花了大约。1小时模拟截骨，改变截骨线后，可将该系统应用于其他外科手术。该系统具有高分辨率的三维图形和高可靠性的数据使用，具有较高的真实感，具有令人满意的教育模拟器功能。此外，该系统还可用于临床诊断和治疗方案的研究。较少

In 1996 and 1997, basic problems were studied for construction of a simulator for orthognathic surgery The programs of sulerimposition of the (lata for frontal and lateral cephalograms, CT and dental casts were developed. Using the programs, the coordinate system delineated by the cephalograms could be applied to the data for CT and dental casts, and these three data could be observed in the same coordinate system. Subsequently, construction of simulator for orthognathic surgery, especially sagittal split ramus osteotomy, was tried in 1998, using AVS Medical viewer of graphics workstation.Region growing technique was used for extraction of the mandible. A voxel model was then made with the data for cancellous bone, so this model could be applied to complex simulation. A threshold value was defined as 200 Hounsfield units. Formerly, osteotomy could be simulated in two-dimensions. In this system, osteotomy could be simulated in the maneuver that, reflected actual surgical procedures, inc … More luding saw, bur and osteotome after development. of modules. Consequently, surgical procedures could be simulated in three-dimensional computer graphics. Three-dimensional computer graphics could contain the data for dental casts, and this made it possible to automate shift of lateral bone fragments after splitting with high precision. Furthermore, function of detecting interference between two bone fragments after splitting was developed, and this enabled to analyze bony interference that it was formerly difficult to predict, and this clarified that. bony interference caused various problems.In this system, it. took about. an hour to simulate the osteotomy, and we can apply this system to other surgical procedures after altering osteotomy lines. This system possessed high reality because of three-dimensional graphics with high resolution and use of data with high reliability, and this system possessed satisfactory function of educational simulator. Furthermore, this system would be useful for clinical application including diagnosis and investigation of treatment plan. Less