A Comparative Study on the Structure of Text of the Testaments written by German Citizenss in the 16th Century

本研究表明，许多遗嘱是在中世纪由居住在德国城镇的公民撰写的，他们的遗嘱保护了他们的私有财产。皇帝、国王和教皇的官方文件由3个部分组成，分为14个部分。根据14世纪维也纳一本手册的规定，遗嘱必须包含11项内容。中世纪的各种遗嘱制作方法：有印章的文件、镇议会口头形式的遗嘱、亲手制作的遗嘱、公证人的遗嘱、“Offizialatsurkunde”、规范文件、在市政文件中注册的遗嘱。每个德国城镇都有不同的法律关系，因此它有不同的遗嘱制作法律。我们可以观察到，从文件到遗嘱，有一种简单化和缩略化的趋势。由于这种收缩，遗嘱人的意图得到了更明确的表达。

1It has been shown by this research that a lot ob testaments were written in the middle ages by the citizens living in German towns, and their testaments secured their private property.2The official documents of emperors, kings and popes consist of 3 section devided into 14 parts. According to the rules of a handbook of 14th century in Vienna, a testament must be required to have 11 items.3Various types of method for making of testament in the middle ages documents with seal, oral form for the town council, testament with his own hand, testamet of notary, "Offizialatsurkunde", canonical documents, registered testaments in the municipal documents. Each German town had different legal relationship, and so it had a different law for making of testament.4We can observe that there was a tendency of simplicity and contraction of items from documents to testaments. As a result of this contraction, the intention of its testators has been more clearly expressed.