Cost and Burden of an Ageing Society and Practical Use of the Elderly's Property

人口老龄化的进程几乎是所有发达国家的共同之处。最明显的例子是日本，因此，有一些关键领域需要进行调整，以应对人口变化的影响。其中一个领域是公共支出。年龄结构的变化会增加老年人公共支出的人口压力，从而影响对公共项目的需求。例如，预计2000年社会保障成本占GDP的比例将为16.5%，2010年为23.6%。2025年随着老年人的增加而增加33.8%。同时，我们作为税收和社保缴费的负担也将增加。例如，估计在现有制度能够保持不变的情况下，2000年税收和缴费在国民收入中的总份额将为40.2%，2010年为45.2%，2025年为51.5%。但中央政府认为，未来必须将负担控制在50%以内。要做到这一点，政府必须有效地削减公共养老金、医疗和社会福利的成本。政府已经在一些地区进行了成本削减。在这种情况下，老年人的不动产也必须被使用。例如，在一些地区，老年人可以通过特定的当地公共公司作为调解人向金融机构申请担保贷款，或者直接向当地公共公司申请担保贷款，在这种情况下，抵押贷款包括老年人现在居住的房屋和宅基地。顺便说一句，我听说现在日本一些老年人卖掉他们的房子和房屋地块，到国外生活。出于某种原因，最有可能的国家之一是菲律宾。

The progress of an ageing population is common to almost all developed countries.The most striking example is Japan, so, there are some key areas where adjustment is necessary in order to cope with the effects of demographic change in Japan.One of these areas is public expenditure.The changes of age structure can affect the demand for public programs by increasing the demographic pressure on public expenditure for the elderly.For example, it is estimated that the share of social security cost in GDP will be 16.5% in the year 2000,23.6% in 2010, and 33.8% in 2025 with the increase of the elderly .At the same time the burden which we bear as tax and social security contributions will increase.For instance an estimation suggests that the total share of tax and contributions in National Income will be 40.2% in 2000,45.2% in 2010, and 51.5% in 2025, assuming that the present system can be maintained.However, the central government thinks that the burden has to be restrained within 50% in the future.In order to do that the government has to cut the costs of public pension, medical care, and social welfare efficiently, and the government has already been conducting cost cutting in some areas.Under these circumstances the elderly's real property has to be used too.For example, in some regions the elderly are able to ask for secured loans from financial institutions through the particular local public corporation as a mediator, or from the local public corporations directly, and in this case the mortgage includes the house and house lot where the elderly are living now.By the way, I hear that now some aged people in Japan sell their house and house lot and go abroad to live out their lives there.One of the most likely countries is the Philippines for some reason.