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Study on the Magma-External Water Interaction

岩浆-外部水相互作用研究

基本信息

批准号：
08640616
负责人：
TANIGUCHI Hiromitsu
金额：
$ 1.6万
依托单位：
Tohoku University, Center for Northeast Asian Studies (1997)Osaka Prefectural Education Center (1996)
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
1996
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1996 至 1997
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

In order to investigate the mechanism of a phreatomagmatic explosion and to predict the distribution of disaster accompanied by the explosion, we have made an effort to accomplish the following research points.(1) Development of the instruments for measuring the pressures of blast and pyroclastic surge produced by the volcanic explosion, (2) observation of the explosion and measurement of the explosion energy at Aso Volcano using the instruments we developed, (3) establishment of the scaling rule which relate the explosion energy to geological and disaster distributions accompanied by the volcanic explosions, (4) and making a scenario which interpret the magma-external water interactions.The system for the observation we developed consists mainly of piezo-pressure sensors, thermo-couple, degital-oscilloscope and a personal-computer. We began to observe the volcanic explosions at Aso Volcano using this system. To fulfilll the research point (3), we have made a field explosion experiment, and found that the cube-root scaling law established between the explosion energy and geological and disaster distributions ; we can predict the distributions if we know one parameter which relate directly to the volcanic explosion such as the explosion energy and crater diameter. For the research point (4), we presented a new scenario (for the case magma-aquifier interaction) which interpret the phreatomagmatic explosion occured in shallow underground. In this case we pointed out that the liquification of aquifier is essential for the interaction ; extremely rapid generation of vapor.

为了探讨蒸汽岩浆爆炸的机理和预测爆炸灾害的分布，我们做了以下几个方面的研究工作。(1)（2）利用所研制的仪器对阿索火山进行了爆炸观测和爆炸能量的测量;（3）建立了爆炸能量与火山爆炸所伴随的地质和灾害分布之间的比例关系;（4）建立了岩浆-外水相互作用的观测系统，该系统主要由压电压力传感器、热电偶、数字示波器和微机组成。我们开始用这个系统观测阿索火山的火山爆发。为实现研究要点（3），我们进行了野外爆炸试验，发现爆炸能量与地质灾害分布之间存在着立方根标度律，只要知道一个与火山爆炸直接相关的参数，如爆炸能量和火山口直径，就可以预测火山爆炸的分布。对于研究点（4），我们提出了一种新的解释发生在地下浅层的蒸汽岩浆爆炸的设想（岩浆-含水层相互作用的情况）。在这种情况下，我们指出含水层的液化是相互作用的关键;蒸汽的快速产生。