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Study on the evaluation of explosion energy of volcanic eruption and on the blast disaster.

火山喷发爆炸能量评价及爆炸灾害研究.

基本信息

批准号：
06680437
负责人：
TANIGUCHI Hiromitsu
金额：
$ 1.41万
依托单位：
Science Education Institute of Osaka Prefecture
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
1994
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1994 至 1995
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-06680437/
关键词：
Volcanic explosion Explosion energy Energy conversion rate Physical measurement Blast hazard Aso volcano 火砕流爆風計測ブラストメーター

项目摘要

The purpose of present study is to develope the methods for the evaluation of explosion energy of volcanic eruption, and to relate the energy to the geological and disaster distribution owing to the volcanic explosion.The distributions of the disaster and pyroclastic sediment due to the explosion is generally belived to be related directly to the explosion energy. If this assumption is valid, and if we know the energy, we can predict the distributions of those phenomena using a numerical simulation. To prove this assumption, we made following two attempts ; the development of methods for the evaluation of the explosion energy, the explanataion of relation between the explosion energy and the distributions of disaster and pyroclastic sediment. We could get following results ;(1) The maximum distance of pyroclastic surge due to the volcanic explosion is determined only by the explosion energy.(2) The diameter of volcanic crater is in proportion to the explosion energy to the two over three power. The relation for the artificial results (chemical and nuclear explosions) also holds for the case of volcanic explosion.(3) The energy conversion rates from thermal energy to the explosion energy are 0.01-0.4% for magmatic explosion, and 0.4-7% for phreatomagmatic explosion.(4) The rates mentioned above means that we can evaluate the maximum distance of distributions of geological and disaster phenomena if we know the information on the total heat using geomagnetic method or any other methods.(5) The maximum explosion energy we measured in 1994-1995 at Aso Volcano was about 5*10^<15> erg.

本研究的目的是建立火山爆发爆发能量的评价方法，并将能量与火山爆发的地质分布和灾害分布联系起来。一般认为，爆炸灾害和火山碎屑沉积物的分布与爆炸能量直接相关。如果这个假设是有效的，如果我们知道能量，我们就可以用数值模拟来预测这些现象的分布。为了证明这个假设，我们做了以下两次尝试；爆炸能量评价方法的发展，爆炸能量与灾害和火山碎屑沉积物分布的关系的解释。我们可以得到以下结果；(1)火山爆发引起的火山碎屑涌动的最大距离仅由爆炸能量决定。(2)火山口直径与爆炸能量的2 / 3次方成正比。人为结果（化学爆炸和核爆炸）的关系也适用于火山爆炸。(3)热能转化为爆炸能的能量转化率，岩浆爆炸为0.01 ~ 0.4%，呼吸岩浆爆炸为0.4 ~ 7%。(4)上述速率意味着，只要利用地磁法或其他方法获得总热量信息，就可以估算出地质和灾害现象分布的最大距离。(5) 1994-1995年在阿索火山测得的最大爆炸能量约为5*10^<15> erg。