GENETICS AND BREEDING IN MALE STERILE TATEYAMA SUGI,Cryptomeria japonica

日本柳杉雄性不育立山杉的遗传与育种

• 批准号: 08660005
• 负责人: FURUTA Yoshihiko
• 金额: $ 1.41万
• 依托单位: Gifu University
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 1996
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1996 至 1997
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-08660005/
• 关键词: Cryptomeria japonica; GENIC MALE STERILITY; GENETICS & BREEDING; ETHYLENE; MITOCHONDRIA atpA; 核遺伝子雄性不稔?; 雄性不稔性; 立山スギ; 遺伝育種学的分析; 異常・遅延小胞子形成過程; 低遺伝子頻度; 核,細胞質雄性不稔; 不開花雄花スギ; 分子的解析

Male sterility in addition to self-incompatibility in crops is very important genetic resources for heterosis breeding. Japanese culture has been depending on most important woody plant, Sugi ; Cryptomeria japonica, we planted a huge numberof sugi in almost whole country after the end of 2nd world war. Now, their trees release a lot of pollen in every early spring, resulting in pollen allergy in human. One male sterile sugi tree found in Toyama city is unique material of conifers and was analyzed cytogenetically, based on enomous informations in corn, rice and wheat and barley.The male flower was morphologically normal, but pollen developed slowly about one month and showed abnomality after pollen tetrad stage. This abnomality in pollen formation was accompanied by high content of ethylene. The male flower had a unique protein band of 68kDa in SDS-PAGE.The observation in somatic chromosome revealed that this sterility is not caused by trisomy or triploidy recentry discovered in sugi by other researchers, but by nuclear gene(s). The restriction analysis of four mitochondrial genes show only one structural change in atoA by DraI.Natural survey in Tateyama sugi forest confirmed low frequency of male sterility as expected. Grafting propagation of this male sterile tree was not successful, but seeds crossed by normal pollen germinated very well. The present investigator and his colleagues are analysing this characteristics genetically in more detail together with another male sterile sugi tree discovered in Gifu prefecture.

除了自交不亲和性外，作物雄性不育性也是杂种优势育种的重要遗传资源。日本的文化一直依赖于最重要的木本植物杉;柳杉，我们在第二次世界大战结束后几乎在全国范围内种植了大量的杉。现在，他们的树在每年早春释放大量花粉，导致人类花粉过敏。在富山市发现的一株雄性不育杉是针叶树的独特材料，根据玉米、水稻、小麦和大麦的毒性信息，对其进行了细胞遗传学分析，发现其雄花形态正常，但花粉发育缓慢，在花粉四分体期后出现异常。这种花粉形成的异常伴随着乙烯的高含量。在SDS-PAGE中，雄花有一条68 kDa的蛋白质带，体细胞染色体观察表明，这种不育性不是由其他研究者在杉属中发现的三体或三倍体再进入引起的，而是由核基因引起的。DraI对线粒体四个基因的限制性内切酶分析表明atoA只有一个结构变化。这棵雄性不育树的嫁接繁殖没有成功，但与正常花粉杂交的种子萌发得很好。目前的研究人员和他的同事们正在更详细地分析这种特征，以及在岐阜县发现的另一种雄性不育杉树。

项目成果

Saito M,Taira H,andFuruta Y: "Cytological and genetical studies on male sterility in cryptomeria japonica D.Don" Journal of Forest Research. (In press). (1998)

Saito M、Taira H 和Furuta Y：“柳杉雄性不育的细胞学和遗传学研究 D.Don”森林研究杂志。

Saito M., Taira H. and Furuta Y.: "Cytologieal and genetieal atudies on male sterility in cryptomeria japonica D.Don." Journal of Forest Research. (印刷中). (1978)

Saito M.、Taira H. 和 Furuta Y.：“柳杉雄性不育的细胞学和遗传学研究”，森林研究杂志（1978 年）。

Saito M., Taira H.and Furuta Y.: "Cytslogical and genetical studies on male sterility in Cryptomeria japonica D.Don." Journal of Forest Research. (印刷中). (1998)

Saito M.、Taira H. 和 Furuta Y.：“日本柳杉雄性不育的细胞学和遗传学研究”，森林研究杂志（1998 年）。