Experimental study on periodontal tissue regeneration by transplantation of cultured periodontal ligament cells

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The aim of the present study was to elucidate whether new connective tissue attachment (CTA) is produced by transplantation of culture cells from periodontal ligament (PDL). We first discussed culture methods to obtain a large number of PDL cells for the transplantation and characterized the obtained PDL-derived culture cells. Subsequently, we establish an in vovo model in Lewis inbred strain rats for cell transplantation into periodontal defects. The following are the results obtained :1. The conventional 2-dimensional cultured method could supply enough amount of cells for transplantation into small periodontal defects in rats. It is also demonstrated that the floating culture system using collagen beads and spinner flasks provides more efficient growth of PDL-derived cells with inherent properties of PDL cells.2. Cell transplantation with atelocollagen membrane was evaluated as the easiest way to handle and to carry a large amount of cells.3. Transplantation of PDL-derived cells promoted bone regeneration and CTA formation.4. It was unexpectedly demonstrated that transplantation of bone marrow-derived osteoblastic cells promoted regeneration of bone and formation of CTA.5. Transplantation of gingiva fibroblasts showed less bone regeneration and CTA formation than controls where no cells were seeded.These results showed the possibilities to develop new therapeutic modalities for periodontal tissue regeneration with the transplantation of PDL-derived cells and bone marrow-derived osteoblastic (undifferentiated mesencymal) cells.