On the Processes of Establishment of Maxwell's Electromagnetic Theory in the Late 19th Century

这个项目的目的是弄清楚麦克斯韦学派是如何在19世纪末麦克斯韦电磁理论的建立中发挥他们的作用的。虽然这是日本对麦克斯韦人的第一次研究，但在英国学者的帮助下，特别是彼得·罗兰兹博士、大卫·爱德华博士和大卫·金先生，他们在许多关于O.洛奇爵士的重要文献中向我推荐了我，并给了我在利物浦大学的许多设施。O·洛奇爵士作为麦克斯韦主义者，在麦克斯韦去世后为建立麦克斯韦的电磁理论做出了杰出的贡献，特别是他关于电磁波和以太阻力的著名实验。然而，他不仅通过巧妙的实验取得了良好的科学成果，而且发现了无名青年麦克斯韦尔的优秀作品，并将其传播到科学家社会中。O·希维赛德是一位古怪而孤独的工程师，但却是一个有才华的人，他的作品得到了洛奇的认可，并通过洛奇的斡旋而广受欢迎。赫兹关于电磁波的历史实验也被洛奇和G·F·菲茨杰拉德传达给了英国的科学家，他们在1888年的巴斯会议上宣布赫兹的实验是实验的十字架。洛奇对日本学者长冈汉塔罗博士和村上春太郎的影响也在这个项目期间被发现，这些是关于日本物理学史的重要材料，尽管这些材料不是关于电磁学的。

The purpose of this project is to make clear how Maxwellians had performed their parts with establishment of Maxwell's electromagnetic theory in the late 19th century. Although this is the first research on Maxwellians in Japan, the following important results were obtained with the assistance of English scholars, especially Dr. Peter Rowlands, Dr. David Edward and Mr. David King, who had suggested me on many important literatures on Sir O.Lodge and had given me a lot of facilities in the University of Liverpool.Sir O.Lodge as a Maxwellian had made distinguished services to establish Maxwell's electromagnetic theory after the death of Maxwell, particularly with his famous important experiments on electromagnetic waves and ether drag. He had not only achieved, however, good scientific results with skillful experiments, but found out the excellent works of nameless young Maxwellians and propagated them into the society of scientists. O.Heaviside, an eccentric and solitude engineer but a talented person, was recognized by Lodge and his works were made popular through Lodge's good offices. H.Hertz's historical experiments on electromagnetic waves were also conveyed to scientists in England by Lodge and G.F.FitzGerald who declared Hertz's experiments as experimentum crucis at Bath meeting of BAAS in 1888.Lodge's influences on Japanese scholars, Dr. NAGAOKA Hantaro and MURAKAMI Harutaro, also were discovered during the term of this project and these are important materials on the history of physics in Japan, though these were not on electromagnetism.