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On the Processes of Establishment of Maxwell's Electromagnetic Theory in the Late 19th Century

论19世纪末麦克斯韦电磁理论的建立过程

基本信息

批准号：
08680082
负责人：
OKAMOTO Masashi
金额：
$ 0.9万
依托单位：
Osaka Women's Junior College
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
1996
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1996 至 1997
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

The purpose of this project is to make clear how Maxwellians had performed their parts with establishment of Maxwell's electromagnetic theory in the late 19th century. Although this is the first research on Maxwellians in Japan, the following important results were obtained with the assistance of English scholars, especially Dr. Peter Rowlands, Dr. David Edward and Mr. David King, who had suggested me on many important literatures on Sir O.Lodge and had given me a lot of facilities in the University of Liverpool.Sir O.Lodge as a Maxwellian had made distinguished services to establish Maxwell's electromagnetic theory after the death of Maxwell, particularly with his famous important experiments on electromagnetic waves and ether drag. He had not only achieved, however, good scientific results with skillful experiments, but found out the excellent works of nameless young Maxwellians and propagated them into the society of scientists. O.Heaviside, an eccentric and solitude engineer but a talented person, was recognized by Lodge and his works were made popular through Lodge's good offices. H.Hertz's historical experiments on electromagnetic waves were also conveyed to scientists in England by Lodge and G.F.FitzGerald who declared Hertz's experiments as experimentum crucis at Bath meeting of BAAS in 1888.Lodge's influences on Japanese scholars, Dr. NAGAOKA Hantaro and MURAKAMI Harutaro, also were discovered during the term of this project and these are important materials on the history of physics in Japan, though these were not on electromagnetism.

这个项目的目的是为了弄清楚麦克斯韦主义者是如何在世纪后期建立麦克斯韦的电磁理论中发挥作用的。虽然这是日本对麦克斯韦人的第一次研究，但在英国学者，特别是彼得·罗兰兹博士、大卫·爱德华博士和大卫·金先生的协助下，取得了以下重要成果，他曾就有关洛奇爵士的许多重要文献向我提出建议，并在利物浦大学为我提供了许多便利。洛奇爵士作为麦克斯韦主义者，为建立麦克斯韦的电磁理论去世后的麦克斯韦，特别是与他著名的重要实验电磁波和乙醚阻力。他不仅取得了，然而，良好的科学成果与熟练的实验，但发现了优秀的作品无名的年轻麦克斯韦和宣传他们进入社会的科学家。赫维赛德是一位性格古怪、孤僻但又才华横溢的工程师，他的作品得到了洛奇的认可，并在洛奇的斡旋下受到欢迎。H.Hertz关于电磁波的历史实验也被Lodge和G.F.FitzGerald在1888年BAAS的Bath会议上传达给了英国科学家，并宣布Hertz的实验是实验的十字架。Lodge对日本学者长冈半太郎和村上春太郎的影响也是在这个项目期间发现的，这是日本物理学史上的重要资料。虽然这些不是电磁学的