A SOCIOLOGICAL STUDY OF HIGH SCHOOL TEACHERS FROM VIEWPOINT OF GENDER AND GENERATION

本文从历史的角度描述了日本男女教师的生活，并讨论了高中教师中的世代和性别问题。生活史研究表明，任何个人的生活史都是他/她的私人生活与历史之间动态互动的产物。本文通过对教师经历的历史定位，探讨了教师的职业道路如何因年龄、性别、教师的个人取向和所工作的高中类型而有所不同。其次，对日本教师生命历程研究进行了综述，并确定了研究目标。第三，为了理解高中教师生活的历史语境，本文对二战以来日本的教育、教育政治和社会变迁进行了简要的历史回顾。第四，描述了高中教师生活史的四种不同的代际和性别模式。最后，本文讨论了日本高中教师生活史中的代际和性别问题。

This paper describes the lives of male and female teachers in Japan in a historical perspective and discusses generation and gender issues among high school teachers. Life history studies have shown that any individual personal life history is a product of the dynamic interaction between his/her private life and history. By locating teachers' experiences in historical context, this paper discusses how teachers' career paths will be different according to their age and gender as well as their personal orientation as a teacher and the type of high schools where they have worked.This paper first describes the process of life history interview as a methodological note. Second, it overviews life course studies on teachers in Japan and identifies research objectives. Third, for the purpose of understanding the historical contexts in which high school teachers have lives, the paper makes a brief historical overview of Japanese education, educational politics, and social changes since World War II. Fourth, the paper describes four different patterns of life histories of high school teachers in terms of generation and gender. Finally, the paper discusses generation and gender issues in the life histories of high school teachers in Japan.