Application of Photoreactive Functional Polymer Gels to Water Quality Control Systems

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1. Control and Prevention of Excessive Phytoplankton Growth by Photochromism :This study intends to investigate control and prevention of excessive phytoplankton growth by reducing light levels below those necessary for photosynthesis. The shield sunlight, photochromic (PC) films, which show photochromism such as colorless forms turn to colored forms by ultraviolet irradiation, were prepared. The PC films containing Spironaphthoxazine showed excellent photocoloration under sunlight irradiation, and they maintained the photocoloration for a long period. However the results of algal growth potential tests with the PC films were the opposite to what we had expected. While the growth of mixed algal cultures was controlled with the PC films under sunlight irradiation, the application of the PC films was not successful for the prevention of pure cultures M. aeruginosa growth. It was probably attributable to the difference between the wavelength for the PC films' maximum absorbance (600nm) an … More d the available wavelength for photosynthesis (680nm). The absorbance at 680nm by the PC films was 20%.2. Application of Photoreactive Functional Gels to Immobilization Matrices for Nitrification :Functional gels reversibly swell and shrink in response to environmental conditions such as light, temperature, and pH ; excessively light is a clean and easy environmental stimulus to control. The volume changes induced by light stimuli may induce the current of substrate between solvent phase and gel phase, and furthermore chlorophylin (CH) incorporated into polymer chains may have an affinity to substrate, thereby theses photoreactive gels immobilized microorganisms may have a possibility for acceleration of nitrification. The purpose of this study is to clarify these effects of acceleration experimentally. NiPAAm-CH gels immobilized microorganisms were prepared by blending of N-isopropylamide (NiPAAm) with CH. The volume changes of the gels in response to light irradiation were observed clearly. Batch experiments showed that the gels had a possibility for acceleration of nitrification. Less