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Application of Functional Polymer Gels to Water Quality Control Systems

功能聚合物凝胶在水质控制系统中的应用

基本信息

批准号：
09650604
负责人：
KUBA Takahiro
金额：
$ 2.18万
依托单位：
KYUSHU UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
1997
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1997 至 1998
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-09650604/
关键词：
Intelligent material Water quality Water and waste water treatment Polymer gel Actuator pH NIPAAm gel Thermo-responsive gel

项目摘要

(1) Development and Control of a Chemical ValvepH-responsive functional gels were synthesized by N-isopropylacrylamide (NiPAAm) with methacrylic acid, in order to examine swelling characteristics of the gels and to develop a chemical valve which can control a flow rate of air in an aeration tank. The proposed chemical valve could control the flow rate of air in distilled water. However in sewage the pH-responsive functional gels swelled and shrank slightly with large pH-stimuli. There- fore it was difficult to control the flow rate of air by the chemical valve in a solvent with high ionic strength like sewage. This indicates that new pH-responsive functional gels should be synthesized, otherwise new types of chemical valves should be proposed. In this research, a chemical piston with pH-responsive gel beads was pro- posed as a new type system.(2) Kinetic and Biological Studies on Volume Phase Transition Processes ofElectro-Responsive Functional Gels Electro-responsive functional gels s … More ynthesized by PVA-PAA, were examined on bending characteristics un- der an electric field. The gel responded quite rapidly to electro-stimuli, in comparison with thermo- or pH-respon- sive functional gels. Bending of the gels took place toward the negative electrode within several seconds to min- utes. The PVA-PAA gel was utilized as an immobilization medium for denitrification microorganisms in waste water treatment systems.(3) Application of Functional Gels to Increase in Rate of Biological NitrificationA method to increase the nitrification rate with an advantage of the immobilization technique was developed. NiPAAm was adopted as a functional gel which shrinks and swells reversibly depending on the change of tem- perature, e.g., a thermo-responsive gel. Effects of the volume phase transition of the gel on the nitrification activ- ity were studied. Nitrifiers were immobilized in the gel, and pellets of it were incubated under a cyclic thermal operation between 25 and 35 C.It was compared with the nitrification activity by nitrifiers immobilized in the gel under three isothermal operations at 25, 28 and 35 ﾟC.In conclusion, the nitrification activity is enhanced by utilization of the thermo-responsive gel. Under the cyclic thermal operation, a drastic increase in the rate of nitrification occurs due to a "pumping effect" caused by the volume phase transition of the thermo-responsive gel. The evaluation of nitrifiers' distribution in the gels by FISH agreed with this phenomenon. Less

(1)化学阀的开发和控制通过N-异丙基丙烯酰胺（NiPAAm）与甲基丙烯酸合成pH响应性功能凝胶，以检查凝胶的溶胀特性并开发可以控制曝气池中的空气流速的化学阀。所提出的化学阀可以控制蒸馏水中空气的流量。然而，在污水中的pH响应功能凝胶溶胀和收缩与大pH刺激轻微。因此，在具有高离子强度的溶剂如污水中，难以通过化学阀控制空气的流速。这表明应合成新的pH响应功能凝胶，否则应提出新型化学阀。本研究提出了一种新型的pH响应凝胶球化学活塞系统。(2)电响应功能凝胶体积相变过程的动力学和生物学研究 ...更多信息研究了PVA-PAA合成的聚乙烯醇（PVA-PAA）在电场作用下的弯曲特性。与热响应或pH响应功能凝胶相比，该凝胶对电刺激的响应相当迅速。凝胶的弯曲在几秒至几分钟内朝向负电极发生。利用PVA-PAA凝胶作为废水处理系统中反硝化微生物的固定化介质。(3)利用功能凝胶提高生物硝化速率的研究开发了一种利用固定化技术提高硝化速率的方法。采用NiPAAm作为功能凝胶，其根据温度的变化可逆地收缩和膨胀，例如，一种热敏凝胶。研究了凝胶的体积相变对硝化活性的影响。将硝化菌固定在凝胶中，并在25和35 ℃之间的循环热操作下培养它的颗粒。将其与固定在凝胶中的硝化菌在25，28和35 ℃的三个等温操作下的硝化活性进行比较。在循环热操作下，由于温度响应凝胶的体积相变引起的“泵效应”，硝化速率急剧增加。利用FISH技术对硝化菌在凝胶中的分布进行了评价，结果与此一致。少