A Study on Communication Structure of Maternal Teasing Games and Their Infants' Developmental Term Hard to Express Laughter.

在日常生活中，妈妈们经常用挑逗游戏来逗宝宝发笑。在本项目中，研究了两个问题。首先，为什么这些游戏能成功地引来婴儿的笑声？因为他们从事的是元传播？其次，有没有什么术语可以用来形容母亲的游戏能有效地唤起婴儿的笑声？然后，通过母亲自己在家中录制婴儿与婴儿互动的视频日记，观察婴儿在第一年下半年对母亲行为做出反应的笑声频率。从6个月到12个月和15个月，20个母子二人组纵向参与。从收集的录像带中，识别出5秒的片段，包括孩子的笑声或痛苦。将基点前后45st的时间序列定义为一幕。结果表明，6个月龄时频繁笑的发育变化在…中是减少的8个月时痛苦明显增加，9个月后下降，合作反应上升。因此，这8个月的痛苦被解释为需要重新协调母子互动，因为儿童表达故意意图的能力迅速发展。作为下一阶段的数据分析，将母子二元组按照孩子的笑声和悲伤的比例以及母亲的情绪表达和假装的比例分为协调组和非协调组。然后，将母亲在孩子笑或悲伤之前的行为模式在两组之间进行比较。结果表明，与UG组的母亲相比，CG组的母亲更多地使用从字面上到假装或相反的波动动作，而UG组的母亲更倾向于不变地进行字面上的动作。这一发现表明，母性取笑游戏之所以能让婴儿发笑，是因为它们不是通过“元”交流被重新解读的，而是因为它们由这样的波动模式组成。较少

Mothers often employ teasing games to make their babies laugh in every-day situations. In this project, two questions were studied. First, why those games can evoke laughter from babies successfully? Because they are engaging in meta-communication? Second, is there any term where babies' laughter is suppressed even though mothers' games are effective to evoke them? Then, frequency of babies' laughter reacting to the maternal actions during the later half of the first year was observed by the "video-diary" that mothers video-taped their interactions to the babies at home by themselves. Twenty mother-child dyads participated longitudinally from children's age of month 6 to 12, and 15. From collected videotapes, five-second-time-segments (5sts) including children's laughter or distresses were identified. Then a time-sequence of 4 5sts before and after the base-points were defined as one episode. Results showed a developmental change that frequent laughter at 6 month of age was decreased i … More n the next month, and distress was sharply increased at 8 month, but after 9 month, it was decreased and co-operating reactions were rising. Therefore, this 8-month-distress was interpreted as suggesting that needs of re-coordination of mother-child interaction because of rapid development in children's ability to express willful intentions. As the next stage of data-analysis, mother-child dyads were classified into Coordinated or Uncoordinated Groups by the proportion of children's laughter and distress, and mothers' emotional expressions and pretending. Then, mothers' action patterns antecedent of children's laugh or distress were compared between the groups. Results showed that mothers in CG more often used actions making fluctuation from literal to pretending, or vice versa, than mothers in UG, who rather acted literally in constant. This finding suggests that maternal teasing games can make infants laugh because they are not re-interpreted through "meta" -communication, but because they are consisted of such a fluctuation pattern. Less