Sociological Study on Academic Specialization and the Structure and Functions of Research Associations in the Humanities and Social Sciences

分析了日本人文社会科学领域约500个主要研究团体的成立年份和历史。每个协会的成立年份按学科显示。此外，还考察了两大大学（东京大学和京都大学）的成立年份和系所历史。在战前的日本，许多小的研究协会出现在各大大学的系或椅子，但只有少数发展成为全国性的协会。国家级研究会的发展是在战后初期，与其他几所国立大学发展为人文社会科学综合性大学有一定的关系。实际上，这些领域的研究会在日本的历史还比较短，主要研究会的平均规模（会员数）约为700人，规模分布呈倾斜状态。平均每年召开5次年会，平均每年发表学术期刊2.2篇，平均每年发表期刊258页。通过对19个研究会的会员调查表明，研究会在会员之间的信息交流、研究生的队伍建设和社会化、研究生的评价和把关等方面发挥了重要作用。然而，他们并不有助于政府政策，专业工作的私营和公共部门以外的学术界。

The founding year and history of major some 500 research associations in the field of humanities and social sciences in Japan were analyzed. The founding year of each association were displayed by disciplines. The founding year and history of departments and chairs in major two university (Tokyo and Kyoto) were also examined. In prewar Japan, many small research associations emerged within department or chairs in major university, but only several of them developed to national associations. National research associations have developed in just after postwar, partly because other several national universities have developed to comprehensive universities with humanities and social sciences. In essence, the history of research associations in these fields is relatively new in Japan.The average size (number of member) of major research associations in the these fields is some 700, and the distribution of the size is skewed. Average number of annual meeting is five in one year, and average 2.2 academic journal publication, 258 pages of length of journal published in one year. According to the member survey in 19 research associations showed as following ; research associations contribute to the information exchange among members, the staff development and socialization of graduate students, and the evaluation and gatekeeper. However, they do not contribute to the governmental policy, professional work in private and public sectors outside academy.