Sociological Study on Academic Specialization and the Structure and Functions of Research Associations in the Humanities and Social Sciences

分析了日本500多个人文社会科学领域的主要研究团体的成立年份和历史。每个协会的成立年份按学科展示。此外，还考察了两所主要大学（东京大学和京都大学）的成立年份和系主任历史。在战前的日本，在主要大学的院系或系主任内部出现了许多小型研究协会，但发展成为全国性协会的只有少数。国家研究协会在战后不久就发展起来，部分原因是其他几所国立大学已经发展成为人文社会科学的综合性大学。实质上，这些领域的研究协会的历史在日本是相对较新的。这些领域的主要研究团体的平均规模（会员数）为700多家，而且分布不均。平均每年召开5次年会，平均每年发表学术期刊2.2次，平均每年发表期刊258页。根据19个研究协会的会员调查显示：研究协会在成员之间的信息交流、研究生的工作人员发展和社会化、评估和看门人等方面发挥着重要作用。然而，他们不为政府政策做出贡献，在学术界以外的私营和公共部门从事专业工作。

The founding year and history of major some 500 research associations in the field of humanities and social sciences in Japan were analyzed. The founding year of each association were displayed by disciplines. The founding year and history of departments and chairs in major two university (Tokyo and Kyoto) were also examined. In prewar Japan, many small research associations emerged within department or chairs in major university, but only several of them developed to national associations. National research associations have developed in just after postwar, partly because other several national universities have developed to comprehensive universities with humanities and social sciences. In essence, the history of research associations in these fields is relatively new in Japan.The average size (number of member) of major research associations in the these fields is some 700, and the distribution of the size is skewed. Average number of annual meeting is five in one year, and average 2.2 academic journal publication, 258 pages of length of journal published in one year. According to the member survey in 19 research associations showed as following ; research associations contribute to the information exchange among members, the staff development and socialization of graduate students, and the evaluation and gatekeeper. However, they do not contribute to the governmental policy, professional work in private and public sectors outside academy.