Organizational Culture and Environmental Adaptations of Private Universities and Colleges in Japan

本研究的最终目的是明确日本高校的多样性和独特性。首先，353所大学和学院根据其宗教信仰进行分类。天主教占3.7%，新教占10.5%，佛教占7.9%，其他宗教占0.8%，世俗宗教占77.1%。22.7%的院校由专科升格。随着资助主体的宗教信仰不同，大学或学院初期的组织结构及其后来的发展也有所不同。许多天主教机构最初是女子文理学院，并保留了原来的组织形式。但新教在其原始形式（院系类型，单一/混合教育）中更加多样化，并且在很长一段时间内不断变化。佛教更加多样化和多变。许多佛教女子学院已经转变为男女同校的学院和大学。民办高校的诚信职业随着宗教信仰的不同而不同。天主教机构的成员关系比较密切，而新教机构的成员关系比较开放。佛教机构由外部宗教资助机构控制。日本私立大学最大的特点是教师比例高（31.2%），远高于美国。而且这个数字还在逐渐增长。对该机构的正式使命进行了内容分析。有以下七种类型：“新进步教育”、“宗教”、“产业-社会”、“新时代取向”、“创新取向”、“博雅教育”。大约一半的日本私立高中附属于大学和学院。他们是潜在的招聘来源。

The final objective of this study is to clarefy the diversitiness and uniqueness of Japanese universities and colleges. At first, 353 universities and colleges are classified according to its religioness. Catholic are 3.7%, protestant are 10.5%, buddism are 7.9%, other religions are 0.8%, and secular are rest 77.1%. 22.7% of total institutions are elevated from junior colleges status.Organizational structures at the starting as a university or college as well as their later development vary along religioness of funding body. Many catholic institutions start as liberal arts colleges for women, and preserve its original organizational forms. But protestant are more diverse in its original forms (type of departments, single/co-education) and changable in long time. Buddism are much more diverse and changable. Many buddism colleges for women have shift to co-educational colleges and universities.Occupations of trustess of private universities and colleges are different along religioness. The menbership are close in catholic institutions, but rather open in protestant. Buddism institutions are controlled by external religious funding bodys. The most distinguished feature in Japanese private institutions are high proportion of faculty (31.2%) , much higher than US.And this figure growing gradually.Content analysis on officially stated missions of the institution are done. The are seven types as follwes ; "New Progressive Education", "Religion", "Industry-Social", "New Era Orientation", "Creativity Orientation", "Liberal Education".About half of Japanese private high schools are attached to universities and colleges. They are potential recruit sources of applicants to them.