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An Empirical Study on Agglomeration Economies of Cities in view of Local Public Finance-A Basic Study for the Merger of Municipalities-

地方公共财政视角下的城市集聚经济实证研究——直辖市合并的基础研究——

基本信息

批准号：
10630046
负责人：
YOSHIMURA Hiroshi
金额：
$ 2.18万
依托单位：
Yamaguchi University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
1998
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1998 至 2000
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

The aims of this project are (1) to investigate the general relationship between the city size and the annual expenditure/revenue in the basis of data of all municipalities in Japan, througla this, (2) to show the evidence of agglomeration economies and the optimum size of a city in view of local public finance, and (3) to estimate quantitatively the effects of merger of municipalities on the local public finance.Trough this study for three years, I could achieve aims mentioned just above and publish many papers and a book, which were quoted at the discussion in academic associations and local governments.The main results are follows.(1) The per capita annual expenditures (logarithmic transformation) can be expressed at the quadratic, concave function of the population size (logarithmic transformation).(2) The per capita revenue (logarithmic transformation) which is independent from the national government can be expressed at the cubic, increasing function of the population size (logarithmic transformation). The per capita revenue (logarithmic transformation) which is dependent of the national government can be expressed at the quadratic, concave function.(3) We can find the economies of scale in cities which have less than 300 thousand of population, diseconomies of scale in lager cities. In towns and villages, we can find always the economies of scale.(4) The optimum size of a city in view of local public finance is about 20O〜300 thousand of population.(5) Through these results, the mergers of the Larger Areas for Municipal Cooperation which amount to 341 areas will reduce annual expenditures by 3700 bilion yen (about 13%) that is equal to the construction cost of high way from Tokyo to Okayama prefecture.

本课题的目的是：（1）根据日本所有市町村的数据，调查城市规模与年支出/收入之间的一般关系，（2）从地方财政的角度，说明集聚经济的证据和城市的最佳规模，通过三年的研究，达到了上述目的，发表了多篇论文和一本专著，这些研究成果在学术团体和地方政府的讨论中被引用。主要结果如下。(1)人均年支出（对数变换）可以表示为人口规模的二次凹函数（对数变换）。(2)独立于国家政府的人均收入（对数变换）可以表示为人口规模的三次递增函数（对数变换）。人均收入（对数变换），这是依赖于国家政府可以表示为二次凹函数。(3)在30万人口以下的城市存在规模经济，在较大的城市存在规模不经济。在城镇和乡村，我们总能找到规模经济。(4)从地方财政的角度来看，一个城市的最佳规模约为200 - 300万人口。(5)通过这些结果，合并341个地区的大区域市政合作将减少3700亿日元（约13%）的年度支出，相当于从东京到冈山县的高速公路的建设成本。