Formation Mechanisms of Community Boundaries in Subalpine Coniferous Forests

亚高山针叶林群落边界的形成机制

• 批准号: 10640605
• 负责人: KOHYAMA Takashi
• 金额: $ 1.6万
• 依托单位: HOKKAIDO UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 1998
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1998 至 1999
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-10640605/
• 关键词: coniferous forest; community boundary; model; regeneration patch; mosaic; demography; disturbance; Picea glehnii; 群衆境界; ライントランセクト

This study was carried out to examine the formation and dynamics of the mosaic landscape of forest stand types with clear boundaries in subalpine forests of Hokkaido, northern Japan.Main research site was set on the western slope of Mount On'nebetsu of Shiretoko Peninsula, eastern Hokkaido. The mosaic landscape made by pure stands of Picea glehnii, and mixed stands of Abies sachalinensis, P. glehnii and Betula ermanii was described. Detailed census of core of, and margin between these two stand types showed that the discontinuous stand boundaries were not related to the edaphic conditions that changed gradually along the boundaries. Dynamic sequence around boundaries was from Picea -pure stands to mixed stands. The replacement process was hypothesized to be related to species difference in tolerance against aggravation by snow deposit on crown together with wind. Another site investigated was a successional landscape on the slope of Mount Komagatake in southern Hokkaido. The dynamic pattern of the invasion of Larix kampferi was analysed using sequential aerial photographs.As a generalized modelling tool, a new simulator was proposed through this study. The model is based on the geographically extended model of stand-level tree size structure (Kohyama and Shigesada 1995) and on the shifting patch mosaic model of stands with tree size structure in gap-dynamic landscape of forest (Kohyama 1993). The response of latitudinal forest zonation was re-examined using the new simulator. Compared to the case without patch mosaic (I.e. Kohyama and Shigesada), the forest boundaries made by competitive interaction was predicted to move slightly faster, while still millennia time lag was the case after centennial global warming.

本研究以北海道东部知床半岛的岩别山西坡为研究点，探讨了日本北方亚高山森林中具有清晰边界的林分类型镶嵌景观的形成和动态。描述了云杉纯林与高山冷杉、云杉、岳桦混交林所构成的镶嵌景观。对这两种林分类型的核心和边缘的详细调查表明，林分边界的不连续性与土壤条件无关，土壤条件沿边界沿着逐渐变化。边界附近的动态序列为云杉纯林-混交林。置换过程被假设为与物种对树冠上雪存款和风加剧的耐受性差异有关。调查的另一个地点是北海道南部驹岳山斜坡上的连续景观。利用航空连续摄影资料分析了落叶松入侵的动态格局，提出了一种新的模拟器，作为一种通用的模拟工具。该模型是基于地理扩展模型的林分水平的树木大小结构（Kohyama和Shigesada 1995）和转移斑块镶嵌模型的林分与树木大小结构的林隙动态景观（Kohyama 1993）。纬度森林地带性的响应重新检查使用新的模拟器。与没有斑块镶嵌的情况相比（即Kohyama和Shigesada），竞争相互作用所形成的森林边界预计会稍微快一点，而在百年全球变暖之后仍然存在千年的时间滞后。

项目成果

TOSHIHIRO KONDO: "Natural regeneration patterns of the introduced larch,Larix kaempferi(Pinaceae),on the volcano Mount Koma,northern Japan"Diversity and Distributions. (in press). (1999)

Toshihiro KONDO：“日本北部科马火山上引入的落叶松、落叶松（松科）的自然再生模式”多样性和分布。

Takahashi, Koichi: "Size-structure dynamics of two conifers in relation to understorey dwarf bamboo : A simulation study."Journal of Vegetation Science. Vol.10. 833-842 (1999)

Takahashi, Koichi：“两种针叶树与下层矮竹的尺寸结构动态：模拟研究。”植被科学杂志。

Kondo, Toshihiro: "Natural regeneration patterns of the introduced larch, Larix kaempferi (Pinaceae), on the volcano Mount Koma, northern Japan"Diversity and Distributions. (in press). (1999)

Kondo Toshihiro：“日本北部科马火山上引入的落叶松、落叶松（松科）的自然再生模式”多样性和分布。

Takahashi Koichi: "Size-structure dynamics of two conifers in relation to understoreydwarf bamboo : A simulation study"Journal of Vegetation Science. 10. 833-842 (1999)

高桥光一：“两种针叶树与下层矮竹的尺寸结构动态：模拟研究”植被科学杂志。

TOSHIRO KONDO: "Natural regeneration patterns of the introduced larch, Larix kaempferi (Pinaceae), on the volcano Mount Koma, northern Japan"Diversity and Distributions. 8. (1999)

TOSHIRO KONDO：“日本北部科马火山上引入的落叶松、落叶松（松科）的自然再生模式”多样性和分布。