Life-history syndromes promoting the diversity of perennial herbaceous communities on the forest floor of northern deciduous forests

北海道低地的北方混交林因其分布纬度而具有较高的林下草本植物群落物种多样性。本研究通过对共生物种的形态学和物候学表现进行比较监测，阐明了这两种森林生态系统物种多样性的维持机制，主要研究地点分别设在位于札幌市的Tomakomai实验林和野浦森林公园。由于冬季降雪量的差异，Tomakomai森林植物的季节性表现比Nopporo森林延迟约1个月。我们监测了地板多年生草本植物和蕨类植物的季节性表现。异速生长特征表现出收敛的物种之间的相似性，其特点是整个季节的叶分配的优势。为了定量研究细尺度的叶垂直结构，设计了一种新的技术“圆盘接触法”，并应用于一个地板群落在Tomakomai森林。对一次结实的百合科植物Cardicrinum cordatum的繁殖性能进行了动态空间格局监测。本文报道了放牧对森林中马夏季草地系统草本植物群落的影响。详细记录了诺普波罗森林蕨类植物群落结构的区域扩展。

Northern mixed forests in lowland Hokkaido is characterized by relatively high plant species diversity in forest floor herbaceous communities for their latitude of distribution. This study aimed to clarify the maintenance mechanisms of the species diversity of these forest ecosystems through comparative monitoring of morphological and phenological performance among co-occurring species.Main research sites were set at Tomakomai Experimental Forest at Tomakomai City and Nopporo Forest Park at Sapporo City. Due to the difference in winter snowfall, seasonal performance of plants at Tomakomai forest was delayd for ca, 1 month from Nopporo forest.Remarkable high alpha-diversity was recorded for forest-floor communities without dwarf bamboo cover. We monitored seasonal performance of the floor perennial herbs and ferns. Allometric characteristics showed convergent similarity among species, characterized by the dominance of foliage allocation throughout seasons. To quantify the fine-scale vertical structure of foliage, a new technique of'disc-contact method'was designed and applied to a floor community at Tomakomai forest. Reproductive performance was monitored with special reference to dynamic spatial pattern of monocarpic species Cardicrinum cordatum(Liliaceae). The effect of grazing on herbaceous communities was recorded for the summer pasture system of horses in forest. Regional scaling-up of community structure was recorded in detail around Nopporo forest for ferns.