Life-history syndromes promoting the diversity of perennial herbaceous communities on the forest floor of northern deciduous forests

北海道低地北方混交林的特点是其分布的纬度较高，林下草本群落的植物物种多样性较高。本研究旨在通过对共生物种的形态和物候表现的比较监测，阐明这些森林生态系统物种多样性的维持机制。主要研究地点设在托马库迈市的托马麦实验森林和札幌市的诺波罗森林公园。由于冬季降雪的差异，Tomakomai森林植物的季节性表现比Nopporo森林推迟了约1个月，没有矮秆竹子覆盖的森林地上部分群落记录到了较高的α多样性。我们监测了地面多年生草本植物和蕨类植物的季节性表现。异速生长特征在物种间表现出趋同的相似性，表现为叶分配在整个季节中的优势。为了量化细微尺度的树叶垂直结构，设计了一种新的“圆盘接触法”技术，并将其应用于托马库迈森林的地面群落。繁殖性能的监测，特别是参考动态空间格局的单果物种心冠(百合科)。记录了放牧对森林马夏季草场系统草本植物群落的影响。详细记录了Nopporo森林周围蕨类群落结构的区域扩大。

Northern mixed forests in lowland Hokkaido is characterized by relatively high plant species diversity in forest floor herbaceous communities for their latitude of distribution. This study aimed to clarify the maintenance mechanisms of the species diversity of these forest ecosystems through comparative monitoring of morphological and phenological performance among co-occurring species.Main research sites were set at Tomakomai Experimental Forest at Tomakomai City and Nopporo Forest Park at Sapporo City. Due to the difference in winter snowfall, seasonal performance of plants at Tomakomai forest was delayd for ca, 1 month from Nopporo forest.Remarkable high alpha-diversity was recorded for forest-floor communities without dwarf bamboo cover. We monitored seasonal performance of the floor perennial herbs and ferns. Allometric characteristics showed convergent similarity among species, characterized by the dominance of foliage allocation throughout seasons. To quantify the fine-scale vertical structure of foliage, a new technique of'disc-contact method'was designed and applied to a floor community at Tomakomai forest. Reproductive performance was monitored with special reference to dynamic spatial pattern of monocarpic species Cardicrinum cordatum(Liliaceae). The effect of grazing on herbaceous communities was recorded for the summer pasture system of horses in forest. Regional scaling-up of community structure was recorded in detail around Nopporo forest for ferns.