Foraging specialization and the evolution of life histories in Argyrodes spider.

阿吉罗德蜘蛛的觅食专业化和生命史的进化。

• 批准号: 10640610
• 负责人: MIYASHITA Tadashi
• 金额: $ 0.32万
• 依托单位: The University of Tokyo
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 1998
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1998 至 1999
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-10640610/
• 关键词: Kleptoparasite; Life history; Interspeufic competition; Spider; Phylogeny; 系統樹

The objective of this study is to clarify foraging specialization and the evolution of life history traits in kleptoparasitic Argyrodes spiders. To achieve this, I examined 1) foraging mode and host range, 2) plasticity in foraging mode, 3) life history traits, 4) construction of molecular phylogenetic tree.1) Host eating and prey / silk eating were the two major foraging modes in Argyrodes. Species whose main foraging mode was prey stealing inhabited orb-web spiders, except for A. fissifrons. This may be related to the abundant small prey left on orb-webs.2) A. flavescens exclusively steal prey when prey were abundant, while it often eat silk in other seasons. Silk eating appears to be the alternative foraging mode under poor food availability. Previous studies suggested that host eating was the alternative tactics in species living in three-dimensional webs.3) Host eaters and A. fissifrons had a univoltine life cycle, while small species stealing prey and silk showed a multivoltine life cycle. Probably this is related to the prey availability.4) We determined the sequence of mitochondrial DNA for six species of Argyrodes and two species of Achaearanea and constructed the phylogenetic tree. A. saganus and A. fur formed a clade, suggesting that host eating and prey / silk stealing evolved independently.It appears that Argyrodes developed multivoltine life cycle by changing its foraging mode from host eating to prey stealing.

本研究的目的是阐明捕食专化和生活史特征的进化，在盗寄生银蜘蛛。为此，本研究考察了银蛛的取食模式和寄主范围、取食模式的可塑性、生活史特征和分子系统发育树的构建。以捕食为主要捕食方式的蜘蛛中，除A.裂额龙这可能与圆网上有丰富的小型猎物有关。在猎物丰富的季节，黄翅蝗只捕食猎物，而在其他季节，黄翅蝗则经常捕食蚕丝。食丝似乎是在食物供应不足的情况下的另一种觅食模式。以往的研究表明，寄主取食是生活在三维网中的物种的替代策略。裂额虫的生活史为一化性，而偷窃猎物和丝的小种的生活史为多化性。4）测定了6种银蛛和2种希耳蛛的线粒体DNA序列，并构建了系统发育树。A. saganus和A.毛形成一个分支，表明食寄主和偷取猎物/丝是独立进化的，Argyrodes的多化性生活史可能是由食寄主转变为偷取猎物的过程。