Study on human-animal relationships : Can animals discriminate between people?

人与动物关系研究：动物会区分人吗？

• 批准号: 10660285
• 负责人: TANIDA Hajime
• 金额: $ 1.73万
• 依托单位: Hiroshima University
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 1998
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1998 至 1999
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-10660285/
• 关键词: Human-animal relationships; Cognitive ability; Animal Welfare; Cows; Pigs; ハンドリング; 家畜の福祉; 実験用動物

The human-animal relationships today are complicated and ambiguous. Recently, the relationships between farm animals and consumers of animal products are becoming weak. Our perception towards domestic animals including companion animals are changing with the times. The farmers now realize the importance of human-animal relationships because scientific data support that reproductivity and growth of animals decline by certain behavior of stockpersons, and the farms which keep good relationships with their animals experience high productivity. However, it is not dear whether animals are able to distinguish between individual people or generalize their experiences with one handler to all people. It is of practical importance to know the extent to which fear resulting from aversive handling by one person is generalized to other people. If this is an inevitable consequence of aversive handling, then all people in the animals' environment would soon come to elicit fear, with potentially severe physiological and productivity consequences. This project consists of three parts which are review work ; survey and behavior studies on cows. Review work and survey showed that although Japanese perception towards animals is different from the West in many ways we agree that it is important to improve animal well-being and animal care. According to the studies on cows and pigs using operant conditioning technique, both cows and pigs were able to distinguish between individual people mainly using visual cues. They could discriminate between a rewarder and a non-rewarder based on the cues such as clothes color, face characteristics and body size. These results indicate that when farm animals are handled differently by different people they will behave differently towards those people. It is concluded that the careful and objective selection of applicants for stockperson based on attitude towards animals, and constant education toward stockperson on handling of animals are important.

当今人类与动物的关系是复杂而暧昧的。最近，农场动物和动物产品消费者之间的关系变得越来越弱。我们对包括伴侣动物在内的家畜的看法也在随着时代的变化而变化。农民们现在认识到人与动物关系的重要性，因为科学数据表明，牲畜的某些行为会降低动物的繁殖和生长，而与动物保持良好关系的农场生产率高。然而，动物是否能够区分不同的人，或者是否能够将它们在一个饲养员身上的经验推广到所有的人，这一点并不清楚。了解由一个人的厌恶处理引起的恐惧在多大程度上被推广到其他人身上，这是非常重要的。如果这是厌恶处理的不可避免的后果，那么动物环境中的所有人都会很快引起恐惧，并可能产生严重的生理和生产力后果。本项目由三部分组成：综述工作；奶牛的调查与行为研究。审查工作和调查显示，尽管日本人对动物的看法在许多方面与西方不同，但我们一致认为，改善动物福利和动物护理很重要。利用操作性条件反射技术对牛和猪进行的研究表明，牛和猪都能够主要通过视觉线索来区分个体。他们可以根据衣服颜色、面部特征和体型等线索来区分奖励者和非奖励者。这些结果表明，当农场动物被不同的人以不同的方式对待时，它们对这些人的行为也会不同。结论是，根据对动物的态度认真客观地选择饲养人员，并不断对饲养人员进行动物处理方面的教育是重要的。

项目成果

木場有紀: "家畜はヒトを識別しているのか?-ヒトと家畜との相互作用-"ヒトと動物の関係学会誌. 3. 72-78 (1999)

Yuki Kiba：“牲畜能识别人类吗？-人与牲畜之间的互动-”《人类与动物关系学会杂志》3. 72-78 (1999)。

KOBA, Y.: "How do miniature pigs discriminate between people : The effect of exchanging cues between a non-handler and their familiar handler on discrimination"Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci.. 61. 239-252 (1999)

KOBA, Y.：“小型猪如何区分人：在非饲养员和熟悉的饲养员之间交换线索对歧视的影响”Appl。

谷田創: "家畜の気質とヒトに対する馴れ"広島大学生物生産学部農場報告. 10. 1-6 (1999)

Hajime Tanida：“牲畜的性情及其与人类的熟悉程度”农场报告，广岛大学生物生产学部，10. 1-6 (1999)。

Tanida,H.: "How do miniature pics discriminate between people?:Discrimination between people wearing coveralls of the same color"Proceedings of the 33th International Congress of the International Society for Applied Ethology. 33. 165 (1999)

Tanida, H.：“微型图片如何区分人？：穿着相同颜色工作服的人之间的歧视”国际应用行为学学会第 33 届国际大会论文集。

Miura,A.: "Childhood experiences and attitudes towards animals:a study of university students in Japan and The UK"Proceedings of the 33rd International Congress of the International Society for Applied Ethology. 33. 51 (1999)

Miura,A.：“童年经历和对动物的态度：对日本和英国大学生的研究”国际应用行为学学会第 33 届国际大会论文集。