C-11 acetate PET for the diagnosis of malignancy

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We introduced carbon-11(C-11) acetate PET for positive imaging of prostate cancer (PC) and evaluated the usefulness of C-11 acetate PET in comparison with FDG PET. Seventeen patients with PC underwent both C-11 acetate and F-18 FDG PET and one patient with benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) underwent only C-11 acetate PET. C-11 acetate PET images of BPH showed faint uptake in the prostate and radioactivity in the urinary bladder was negligible. C-11 acetate PET visualized primary PC and its metastases in the pelvic region and sensitivity of primary lesions of C-11 acetate PET was superior to that of F-18 FDG PET. C-11 acetate uptake in the PC reflected clinical therapy response. From basic study using tumor cell lines, fibroblast, C-14 acetate and H-3 thymidine, it was found that C-14 accumulation in tumor cells was due to the anabolic pathway of acetate, and refrected the growth activity. Accordingly, C-11 acetate might be appropriate for estimating the growth activity of tumor cells. C-11 acetate PET is expected to be a simple and useful method for positive imaging of the primary PC and its metastases.