The philological and historical linguistic study of the medieval Iranian Fahlawī and Āẕarī poetry (12-16 cent. CE)

对中世纪伊朗 Fahlawä 和 äarä « 诗歌（公元 12-16 世纪）的语言学和历史语言学研究

• 批准号: 528979623
• 负责人: Professor Dr. Ludwig Paul
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Abteilung für Geschichte und Kultur des Vorderen Orients
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Grants
• 资助国家: 德国
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/528979623?language=en
• 关键词: philological; historical; linguistic; study; medieval

A rich diversity of written literary traditions in various dialects is known to have existed in medieval Iran from the 10th century CE onwards. In the shadow of the prestigious Classical Persian literature, these traditions showed a great vitality over many centuries, e.g. Tabari (10-17 cent.) in Māzandarān, or the Old Shirazi (13-16 cent.), in which also the Shirazi poets Saʿdī and Ḥāfeẓ wrote some verses. Another important tradition is that of the Fahlawīyāt poetry (12-16 cent.), composed in the Fahlawī language, that blossomed in a large area called "Fahla", reaching from West Iran (Hamadān) to Central Iran (Isfahan) and up to North West Iran (Tabrīz). This tradition likely goes back to pre-Islamic epic and lyric traditions that were called "Pahlawī", and that were developed to a supra-regional standard literature in the course of time. Geographically, the Fahla region overlaps with the ancient region of Azarbaijan, where Āẕarī was used as a spoken and literary language during the same time. Since the Fahlawī and Āẕarī literary traditions influenced each other, especially in their late stages, they should be studied together. As it is true for most pre-modern dialectal Iranian literary traditions, the Fahlawī and Āẕarī poetry have been neglected by Iranian, and even more by international scholarship so far. There is a number of scattered small publications, mostly on single texts, most of them written in Persian. The number of known Fahlawī and Āẕarī manuscripts has increased considerably in the last 20 years, and contains well over verses 700 now (over 600 of which are in Fahlawī). On the basis of this corpus, it is possible to give a new account and analysis of both literary traditions. All the known verses will be edited, translated into English, and commented philologically; the linguistic form of both subcorpora will be described and analyzed in terms of historical dialectology. Such a work can make accessible an almost extinct, important mediaeval poetic tradition, and will be a long-awaited desideratum of historical West Iranian dialectology. The description and analysis of both linguistic forms will help understand better the pre-history of those modern Iranian languages that are related to Fahlawī and Āẕarī, like the Central Iranian dialects (~ Fahlawī), or Tātī and Tālešī (~ Āẕarī). This may also serve to fill a gap in our understanding of the development of West Iranian from Middle Persian and Parthian up to contemporary languages and dialects.

据了解，自公元 10 世纪以来，中世纪的伊朗就存在着各种方言的丰富多样的书面文学传统。在享有盛誉的古典波斯文学的阴影下，这些传统在许多世纪以来表现出强大的生命力，例如： Māzandarān 的 Tabari（10-17 世纪），或古设拉子（13-16 世纪），其中设拉子诗人 Saʿdī 和 Ḥāfeẓ 也写了一些诗句。另一个重要的传统是用 Fahlawī 语言创作的 Fahlawīyāt 诗歌（12-16 世纪），它在一个名为“Fahla”的大片地区盛行，从伊朗西部（哈马丹）到伊朗中部（伊斯法罕），直至伊朗西北部（大不里士）。这种传统很可能可以追溯到前伊斯兰史诗和抒情传统，被称为“Pahlawī”，并随着时间的推移发展成为超区域的标准文学。从地理上看，法赫拉地区与古代阿扎拜疆地区重叠，阿扎里语在同一时期被用作口语和文学语言。由于法赫拉维文学传统和阿萨里文学传统相互影响，特别是在其后期阶段，因此应该将它们放在一起研究。正如大多数前现代伊朗方言文学传统一样，法赫拉维和阿萨里诗歌一直被伊朗人忽视，迄今为止，更被国际学术界忽视。有许多分散的小出版物，大多是单一文本，大部分是用波斯语写的。过去 20 年来，已知的 Fahlawī 和 Āẕarī 手稿数量显着增加，目前包含 700 多节经文（其中 600 多节是 Fahlawī 文）。在此语料库的基础上，可以对两种文学传统进行新的阐述和分析。所有已知的诗句都将被编辑、翻译成英文，并进行语言学评论；两个子语料库的语言形式都将从历史方言学的角度进行描述和分析。这样的作品可以让几乎绝迹的重要中世纪诗歌传统为人们所接受，并将成为历史上的西伊朗方言学期待已久的愿望。对两种语言形式的描述和分析将有助于更好地理解与 Fahlawī 和 Āẕarī 有关的现代伊朗语言的史前历​​史，例如伊朗中部方言 (~ Fahlawī) 或 Tātī 和 Tālešī (~ Āẕarī)。这也可能有助于填补我们对西伊朗语从中古波斯语和帕提亚语到当代语言和方言发展的理解空白。