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Integrated Teaching in the German Elementary School - "Sachunterricht" and Environmental Education -

德国小学的一体化教学——“Sachunterricht”与环境教育——

基本信息

批准号：
10680202
负责人：
MIYANO Junji
金额：
$ 1.41万
依托单位：
Kyoto Women's Junior College
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
1998
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1998 至 1999
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-10680202/
关键词：
Integrated Teaching Sachunterricht Environmental Education German Primary Education Elementary School

项目摘要

The "Sachunterricht" is established as an integrated teaching across multiple subjected in German elementary school, and settled as a main subject for the environmental education. Since a decision of congress conducted by the German Federal Minister of Education (1980), the environmental education has been regarded as the principle of teaching excelled any subject. It is worth notice that the positive action of pupils is fixed as important in the education and also that the education is introduced as necessary into teachers' in-service training.The personal and material preparation for the environmental education has been recently pushed forward, for example, introduction of a standpoint of the education into the main point of school guidance and teachers' pre-service training, and further cooperation of extramural specialists. However, its practice has been not always in state of satisfaction. The school garden and biotope are not enough utilized. The report of investigation concerning the education shows definitely that the natural scientific subjects have been much emphasized at the first stage. Then, the education has been exceedingly improved in quality, by means of multiple consideration across subjects, active practice and others. These improvements has developed later to establishment the "Sachunterricht."In German elementary school, even the pupils are requested to pay much attention to the environment, to study how to meet some problems, and to act on their own responsibility. To comply with the recommendation to be in close contact with the environment, both pre-service and in-service training are essential to the teacher side, based mainly on ecological study in wide sense.

“Sachunterricht”在德国小学中被确立为跨多学科的综合教学，并被确立为环境教育的主要学科。自德国联邦教育部长（1980年）的一项国会决定以来，环境教育一直被视为教学优于任何学科的原则。值得注意的是，学生的积极行动在教育中被确定为同样重要的，而且教育在必要时也被纳入教师的在职培训。最近，环境教育的个人和物质准备工作得到了推进，例如，将教育的观点纳入学校指导和教师职前培训的重点，以及进一步与校外专家合作。然而，其实践并不总是令人满意。学校的花园和生物群落没有得到充分利用。关于教育的调查报告明确地表明，在第一阶段，自然科学学科受到了重视。通过多学科思考、积极实践等方式，使教育质量得到极大提高。这些改进后来发展为建立“萨克森特赖特”。在德国的小学里，即使是小学生也被要求关注环境，学习如何遇到一些问题，并根据自己的责任行事。为了遵守与环境密切接触的建议，教师方面必须进行职前和在职培训，主要以广义的生态研究为基础。