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The New Woman in Modern Nation States : A Comparative Study

现代民族国家的新女性:比较研究

基本信息

批准号：
11610223
负责人：
MUTA Kazue
金额：
$ 2.5万
依托单位：
Konan Women's University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
1999
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1999 至 2001
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-11610223/
关键词：
the New Woman nation state gender sexuality Suffragist movement 家族国家観良妻賢母シェンダーフェミニズム the New Woman

项目摘要

The New Woman" might be seen as a Western product, but in fact a new type of woman appeared in the East, in Japan, China and Korea, at nearly the same time as in the West. Although this New Woman did not arise indigenously and was certainly influenced by the West, she was notjust a carbon copy of her Western counterpart, but displayed distinct characteristics within the respective historical contexts. "Although the New Woman phenomenon was not a media-produced illusion but the result of social change in Japanese modernization, the Japanese New Woman had little resources to survive. They appeared less than half a century after the beginning of Japan's modernization. With less industrialization and less democratization, and with middle class just having begun to form a social stratum, economic or social opportunities for women were severely limited. Few professional jobs were available, making it extremely hard for a woman to gain independence from father or husband. A suffragist movement did exist in Japan, but in contrast to the United States or Britain, it never gained any substantial political power.Considering this context, the progressive and liberal attitude of the Japanese New Woman in the early 1 91 Os seems all the more remarkable. And yet, as discussed, the Japanese New Women showed an ambivalent attitude towards sexuality and marriage, judged from a contemporary point of view. The ambivalence arose in response to the traditional norms that had oppressed Japanese women for such a long time. The New Woman became new" in a specific way according to a distinct social and historical context within each society, not only in Japan but anywhere including the West. Their unique expression of "newness" fits precisely their way of struggle."

“新女性”可能被视为西方的产物，但事实上，一种新的女性类型几乎与西方同时出现在东方，在日本、中国和韩国。尽管这位新女性并非土生土长，也受到了西方的影响，但她并不是西方女性的翻版，而是在各自的历史背景下表现出了鲜明的特征。“虽然新女性现象不是媒体制造的幻觉，而是日本现代化社会变革的结果，但日本新女性几乎没有生存的资源。它们出现在日本现代化开始后不到半个世纪。由于工业化程度较低，民主化程度较低，中产阶级刚刚开始形成一个社会阶层，妇女的经济或社会机会受到严重限制。几乎没有专业工作，这使得妇女很难摆脱父亲或丈夫独立。在日本，妇女参政运动是存在的，但与美国或英国不同，它从未获得任何实质性的政治权力。考虑到这一背景，191年代初日本新妇女的进步和自由态度显得更加引人注目。然而，正如所讨论的，从当代的观点来看，日本新女性对性和婚姻表现出一种矛盾的态度。这种矛盾心理是对长期以来压迫日本妇女的传统规范的回应。新女性”根据每个社会中不同的社会和历史背景，不仅在日本，而且在包括西方在内的任何地方，以一种特定的方式成为新的“。他们对“新”的独特表达，恰恰契合了他们的奋斗方式。"