Description and analysis on functions, forms and distribution of aizuchi (backchannel)

1. 1.1.第一章语言之间、个体之间和个体内部都有很大的差异。定量方法有其局限性。会话分析是有效的。“反应场所”对于会津的研究尤其重要。同时，“句内合语”和“句末合语”、“类合语”和“长合语”的概念也很重要。第一节“会津不是一种文化，而是一种语言或言语活动”。第二节“不仅言语性的合口语，而且非言语性的合口语也会对会话参与者产生影响”。第三部分会津研究述评。

1. Introduction1.1. There are great variation among languages, inter-individuals and intra-individuals. Quantitative approaches have limitations.1.2. Conversation Analysis is valid.1.3. "Place for reaction " is especially important for aizuchi research. At the same time conception of "intrasentential aizuchi" and "sentence-final aizuchi", and "sort aizuchi" and "long aizuchi" are important.1.4.Non-Verbal aizuchi are also important.2. Section 1"Aizuchi is not a culture but a language or speech activity"3. Section 2"Not only Verbal aizuchi but also Non-Verbal aizuchi make effects on participants of conversation "4. Section 3Review on aizuchi researches.