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The Effects of the Labor Market Regulation, the Tax and Social Security System on the Japanese Labor Market

劳动力市场监管、税收和社会保障制度对日本劳动力市场的影响

基本信息

批准号：
11630094
负责人：
OHTAKE Fumio
金额：
$ 2.18万
依托单位：
Osaka University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
1999
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1999 至 2001
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

(1) An Empirical Analysis on the Employment Security in JapanAlthough Japanese firms have the long-term employment practices widely known as lifetime employment with high employment security, Japan does not have any legislation generally prohibiting dismissals without just cause. Restrictions on dismissals have been provided by case law. We empirically examined the stability of the case law on labor adjustment dismissal. We found that the uncertainty about the case law increased in the1990s.(2) An Economic Analysis on Employment PolicyWe analyzed the cause of the increase in the Japanese unemployment rate in the 1990s using UV analysis and Phillips curve. We discussed various employment policies under deflation including the revision of the unemployment insurance system and dismissal regulation.(3) Unions, Cost of Job Loss, and VacationI hypothesize that the presence or absence of a union affects the effectiveness of internal and external threats in reducing vacation. In particular, I argues that because unions reduce the potency of the internal and external threat of job loss (by making it more difficult for employers to dismiss workers), vacation is less responsive to such threats in union firms than in non-union firms. The results of analysis of data from the 1985 and 1993 General Surveys on Working Hours and Conditions in Japan support this hypothesis.(4) The Impacts of Computer Use on Wage StructureWe examine how much wages increases as workers begin using computer at work. We first find the existence of this computer wage premium when we use normal cross-sectional estimation. The computer premium is, however, diminished and statistically insignificant once controlled for individual unobserved ability utilizing information on the same individual over two periods.

(1)日本雇佣保障的实证分析虽然日本企业有长期雇佣的做法，被广泛称为终身雇佣，雇佣保障性很高，但日本没有任何立法禁止无正当理由解雇。判例法规定了对解雇的限制。我们实证检验了劳动调整解雇案例法的稳定性。我们发现判例法的不确定性在20世纪90年代增加了。(2)就业政策的经济分析我们使用UV分析和菲利普斯曲线分析了90年代日本失业率上升的原因。我们讨论了通货紧缩下的各种就业政策，包括修改失业保险制度和解雇规定。(3)工会、失业成本和休假我假设工会的存在或不存在会影响减少休假的内部和外部威胁的有效性。特别是，我认为，因为工会减少了潜在的内部和外部的失业威胁（使雇主更难解雇工人），休假是在工会公司比非工会公司的这种威胁的反应。对1985年和1993年日本工作时间和工作条件综合调查数据的分析结果支持这一假设。(4)计算机使用对工资结构的影响我们研究了当工人开始在工作中使用计算机时，工资增加了多少。当我们使用正态横截面估计时，我们首先发现了这种计算机工资溢价的存在。然而，一旦控制了两个时期内利用同一个人的信息的个人未观察到的能力，计算机溢价就会减少，并且在统计上不显著。