An experimental study on curriculum construction to bring up autonomy in technical education

要把技术能手培养成既能准确运用所学技术，又能因地制宜地发明技术的人。这项研究是对这一目标的一次尝试。我们在福岛医科大学护理学院的大下静香教授和东京女子S医科大学的大森武子教授的帮助下，对理想教育下的护理技术领域进行了实验研究。在定义我们应该培养的能力方面，这项研究与其他研究最不同。我们将护理能力定义为：收集信息进行现场分析的能力和技术员练习技术的对象的能力，根据结果设计他/她的护理活动过程的能力，以及在现场的自主性，而不是作为练习的技术的形式。我们认为这一切都是一种技巧。我们假设受训者经过反复的试验和错误，通过针对对象的五种感官收集信息，训练大脑分析和总结，将结果用身体和语言表达，然后再对结果进行分析，从而获得这种能力。因此，我们制定了以实习生为中心的调查行动计划，贯穿于基础护理技术课程的始终。从培训结果和学员S的评价来看，我们确信方向是正确的。根据实验结果，我们对存在的问题进行了梳理，并对护理教育SQ的新课程建设提出了建议，即培养具有自主性的护理技术人员。

We must train technical experts as a person who not only exercise learned techniques accurately, but also invent techniques suitable for the conditions depending on the situation. This study is a trial for the goal. We experimentally studied the fields of nursing techniques for the ideal education with help from Professor Shizuka Oshita of Nursing School of Fukushima Medical University and Professor Takeko Omori of Tokyo Women s Medical College of Nursing.This study is most different from other studies in defining the ability that we should train. We defined the ability as follows : the ability to gather information for analysis on the field and the object that the technician would exercise his/her technique, the ability to design his/her nursing activity process based on the result, and autonomy on the field, not as the form of the exercised techniques. We thought that the above altogether would show up as technique.We assumed that the trainee would obtain such ability after repeated trial and error, through using five senses against the object to gather information, training the brain to analyze and summarize, expressing the result by the body and words, and, then, analyzing the result again. So we made a trainee-centered, investigative action plan throughout the fundamental nursing technique course. We are confident that the direction is right from the result of the training and the trainee s comments.Based on the result of the experiments, we put the problems in order and made a proposal on the new curriculum construction for nursing education SQ that we could train nursing technicians with autonomy.